BACKGROUNDMental health problems are found to be high among institutionalised children. Delinquent behaviours in children can occur as a part of psychiatric disorders. Understanding the mental health disorders among children living in institutions like juvenile homes will help to make policies to meet their needs.

Introduction: Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence are the two psychological faculties that are closely related, both neurobiologically and conceptually and has significant influence in life outcome. Children living in orphanages are a group of unprivileged children with insufficient opportunities for both physical and psychological developments. Aim: To find out the intelligence, emotional intelligence and relationship between them among inmates of orphanages. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which included 100 children living in orphanages. Personal data sheet developed by the investigator, Binet Kamat test of intelligence and Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory were the tools used for the study. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank-order correlation was the statistical tests used. Results: The study subjects consisted of 58 girls and 42 boys. The mean score of intelligence in girls was 100.40 and the mean score of intelligence in boys was 99.12. The mean score emotional intelligence in girls was 61.45 and the mean score in boys was 59.95. No significant difference was found between girls and boys in intelligence and emotional intelligence. A positive correlation was found between intelligence and all the sub-scores and total score of emotional intelligence. Conclusion: Both nature and nurture are important in the development of psychological faculties like intelligence and emotional intelligence. There should be policies and programmes that focus on enhancing the intelligence and emotional intelligence of the underprivileged children living in child care institutions which in turn can decrease the deviant behaviours and increase the positive life outcomes.

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue to be discussed in this current era due to its increasing prevalence. The burden due to chronic kidney disease is very high especially in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity is high in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The presence of psychiatric illness increases the risk of hospitalisation and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease. This study was conducted to assess the psychiatric morbidity of patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance haemodialysis. METHODS Descriptive research design was used for the study. The sample of the study consisted of 180 patients above the age of 18 years with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. A specially designed pro-forma, ICD 10 symptoms check list, and ICD 10 diagnostic criteria for research are the tools used for the study. RESULTS Most of the patients were from 41 - 50 years age group (27.8 %) with a mean age of 47.43 and majority were males (74.4 %). 45.6 % patients had plan for renal transplant and 62.2 % patients were on twice weekly haemodialysis. The primary diagnosis was chronic glomerulonephritis in 33.9 % and diabetic nephropathy in 32.8 % of study participants. 11.7 % of study participants had IgA nephropathy and 9.4 % of study participants had ischemic renal failure. 23.9% of participants were found to have psychiatric morbidity. The most common psychiatric illness was depression which was reported in 15.0 % of study population. 6.1 % of participants had adjustment disorder, 2.2 % had anxiety disorder and 0.6 % had psychosis. The mean duration of dialysis was 2 years in patients with psychiatric illness. CONCLUSIONS A male preponderance was found in the study population. High psychiatric morbidity is found among patients undergoing haemodialysis and depression is the most common psychiatric disorder identified. KEYWORDS Psychiatric Morbidity, Haemodialysis

Background: Delinquent behaviour represents a wide variety of law and norm violating behaviours by children. In India, statistics show that there is an increase in the rates of crimes committed by children. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 100 adolescents from juvenile homes. Personal data sheet, Delinquent behaviour checklist, and Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory were the study tools. Mann-Whitney U test was carried out to find the association between delinquent behaviour and emotional intelligence among the inmates of juvenile homes. Results: Delinquent behaviour is found in 38% of children living in Juvenile homes. No significant difference is found between boys and girls in delinquent behaviour and emotional intelligence. A negative association is found between delinquent behaviour and emotional intelligence in the inmates of juvenile homes. Conclusion: Delinquent behaviour is found to be high among inmates of juvenile homes. A significant association was found between delinquent behaviour and emotional intelligence. Both nature and nurture are important in the development of emotional intelligence. Opportunities and training for the development and improvement of psychological faculties like emotional intelligence may impact the prevention and management of delinquent behaviour among children.

BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders are common during childhood and adolescence. Studies have shown that behavioural problems and psychiatric morbidity are high among children placed in institutionalised settings and higher rates of delinquent behaviours were shown by children with psychiatric illness. Aims-1. To find out the prevalence of Psychiatric illness among inmates of orphanages. 2. To find out the relationship between Psychiatric illness and delinquent behaviour among inmates of orphanages. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study with a predetermined convenient sample size of 100 children and adolescents from orphanages in Kerala. Chi-square test is used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 100 children assessed, 11 children were found to have Psychiatric illness. Among the 11 children, 3 children were suffering from emotional disorder, 2 each were suffering from behavioural disorder and developmental disorder and 6 children were suffering from substance use disorder. Substance use disorder was found to be a comorbidity. 12.3% of boys and 8.6% of girls were having psychiatric illness. Delinquent behaviours were found in 10 children. Among the 10 children who were having delinquent behaviour, 5 children (50%) were suffering from psychiatric illness. Among the 90 children who were not showing delinquent behaviour, 6 children (6.7%) were suffering from psychiatric illness. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-Square test and it was found that there is a significant difference in the psychiatric morbidity among children with delinquent behaviour compared to children without delinquent behaviour. CONCLUSION The inmates of orphanages suffer from a variety of mental health disorders. Delinquent behaviours were found among children living in orphanages. There was a significant difference in the psychiatric morbidity between children with or without delinquent behaviour.