Rural connectivity has been a widely researched topic for several years. In India, around 50% of the population have poor or no connectivity to access digital services. Numerous technological solutions are being tested around the world, as well as in India. The key driving factor for reducing the digital divide is to lower the cost of network deployments and improve service adoption rate by exploring different technological and economical solutions. This survey aims to study rural connectivity and create awareness about the use-cases, state of the art projects and initiatives, challenges, and technologies to improve digital connectivity in rural parts of India. The strengths and weaknesses of different technologies tested for rural connectivity are analysed. The study includes a brief discussion of rural connectivity trials performed in India and around the world. We also explore the rural use-case of the 6G communication system, which would suit the rural Indian scenario.

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Integrating scalability, interoperability, and security has become crucial with the widespread adoption of IoT-enabled smart city solutions. In this context, the oneM2M provides promising technical specifications for an interoperable and secure IoT/M2M system. This paper focuses on the potential threats and their impact on oneM2M standard-based smart cities. Further, configurations for baseline security of the oneM2M opensource implementation, called Eclipse OM2M, are presented. The configurations and recommendations are proposed based on the tests conducted on an existing smart city deployment of IIIT Hyderabad (IIIT-H) in India.

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