In terminology, different from the general language, the synonymy was considered as a harmful occurrence in handling the problems of terminology, but acceptable. On General issuesSynonyms are different words with identical or similar meanings which constitute a rich class in Albanian language. Thus, we have two, three or more words that indicate the same thing, the same feature, the same action or the same phenomenon, such as, i zbrazët-bosh, ndikim-influencë. përvojë-eksperiencë, shmang-evitoj, tregti-pazarllëk. (Eng. empty-hollow, impact-influence, experience-experience, evade-avoid, trade-bargaining).Synonymy, as a concept, in the general language as in any language, as well as in Albanian1 is viewed as a positive phenomenon, as an expression of the diversity and the wealth of language2. Synonyms, as a basis have a set of semantics, its semantic proximity, but also its semantic equivalents. The latter is like a basis for the absolute synonyms (binaries) where in the general lexicon they are at a limited quantity.The causes of the occurrence of synonymous terms (binaries) of the synonymy in terminology are different:• they can be created in the course of development and formation of terminology, when the effort is made to introduce the most suitable foreign or native term into the language. Cases of binary connections can be brought here, which may constitute the most extreme manifestations of the creation of synonymies in the relevant field, due to the competition of foreign terms as well and native ones in the stream of time, which is observed more in Albanian, like: fond i paprekshëm-fond i pandarë-fond i pandashëm; çmim sezonal-çmim stinor, (xhiro) likuide-(xhiro) me para në dorë (Eng. intangible fund-undivided fund-indivisible fund, seasonal price-seasonal price, (giro) liquid -(giro) cash).• they arise as a result of the conceptual development; from the emergence of new concepts and the phasing out of old ones from language;• during the efforts for the insertion of native terms into terminology which as a process can be evaluated in a twofold way: As an overload of terminology, which creates confusion in communication, but also as a way of terminology perfection, where the authentic terms are really more convenient than the foreign ones and thus respond to the 1 Memushaj, R. (2004).Hyrje në gjuhësi [Introduction to Linguistics]. Tirana: Dituria. 2 Islamaj, Sh. (1985).Çështje të sinonimisë në gjuhën shqipe [Synonymy issues in Albanian]. Prishtina: Institution of Albanology.
As it is known, the terminology of any knowledge field as an independent system, as well as the terminology of mechanics consisting of nominating one-word and group word units (among which, particularly the latter phrase terms) make up nearly 70-80% of the overall terminological vocabulary. Looking at it from this point of view, all mono-syllabic (one word) terms (word terms) would also be accepted as a basic vocabulary in the terminology of mechanics. This can be justified more so by the fact that almost every word term serves as the foundation for the construction of numerous group word terms that mark concepts which have spread out into numerous branches. These having been introduced through a variety of many different interrelations, like gender / type, whole / part etc.
Abstract:The explication of any terminology from the knowledge point of view in relation with terminologies they are reflected to, points out the influence of exterior terminology over the frame within the terminology (terminologies) The value of terminology process is related to the construction of terms generating from common words, as the main and more qualitative way of constructing terms on which basis derivations of terms are created. The project elaborates through numerous illustrations the process of terminology (the formation of terms generating from common words) as a qualitative way for terms formation. The words and terms related to each other are also compared with the Albanian Dictionary (1980). The words extracted from the Dictionary (1980) are presented as per their thematic-conceptual field Thereby, for example, from the words generated into terms upon meaning of the words indicating animals, poultries or parts or limbs of animals or poultries, which through the process of terminology generate into words with specialized meaning, a pretty rich thematic field, as it can be seen the terminologies of foreign languages, may appear as: muzzle1 (hood of a car) (mech.), muzzle2 (bucket of excavator; horn1 (anvil) (mech.), horn2 (clip) (mech.); tail1 (petcock),tail2 pitchfork handle) (agro.), claw (clamshell)(mech.) hoof1 (spherical socket) (mech.),hoof2 (roller bearing)(mech.);wool1 (glass) (const.),wool3 (wood) (const.); tail (of a swallow) (mech.).
In a terminological word-group (word combination), the combining capacities of both the main (defined) element of the term and its defining element are realized. The characteristic of unambiguity in general is acquired by the term phrase also outside the terminological system, therefore it has precedence over the one-word term, because it acquires the characteristic of unambiguity even outside the system of its field. The motivation of word-group (word combination) terms can also be viewed in terms of the source composition of their elements, as each element may have different degrees of motivation depending on its origin. Thus, for example, a phrase composed of combinations of foreign terms with Albanian ones, may have different degrees of motivation, when it may contain only Albanian or foreign terms. On the other hand, motivation also depends on which constituent element of the phrase is transparent (clearer or more accurate), i.e., the defined or the defining element. Most of the terms are motivational in their conceptual content, which means that each term has a base from which it originates and just in the way the base is developed, so it developed as well it is content. However, one part of terms derive from common words and enter a knowledge field according to the quality of the term, while maintaining the conceptual content, e.g. its content as a word or as a term is more or less the same. Here we are dealing with same concepts that pass from a low conceptual level (as a word) to a higher conceptual level (as a term). Thus, for example, can be considered a number of terms as: derë (door), dritare (window (const.)). It should be noted here that each of them develop further as: dritare (e kompjuterit) (window (of computer)); dritare (fryrjeje) (window (aircontrol)); derë (ndërtese) door (building) and derë (furre) door (oven).
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