BackgroundGranulomatous mastitis is a rare and benign inflammatory breast disease that may clinically and radiologically mimic breast cancer.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the features of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with mammographic and sonographic findings.Patients and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 patients with IGM who had been diagnosed by needle core or excisional biopsy at a single institution between 2006 and 2012. All of the patients underwent MRI for suspicious breast findings prior to biopsy. MRI examinations were performed on a 1.5 T scanner. The MRI findings were evaluated in accordance with the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) MRI lexicon established by the American College of Radiology.ResultsMRI detected a total of 29 lesions in the 20 patients. Fourteen of these lesions were seen as mass enhancements, with the remaining 15 identified as non-mass enhancements (NMEs). The median size of all lesions was 3.6 cm (range, 0.7 - 6.7 cm). The most frequently observed features were masses with a round shape (9 out of 14, 64%), smooth contour (11 out of 14, 78%), and a rim enhancement pattern (10 out of 14, 71%). The most common features of the 15 NME lesions were segmental distribution (6 out of 15, 40%) and heterogeneous enhancement patterns (8 out of 15, 53%). The time-intensity curves of the dynamic studies showed benign type one signal intensity (persistent enhancement pattern) in the majority of lesions (10 out of 20, 50%).ConclusionOur study suggests that breast MRI findings of IGM have a wide spectrum. Rim enhancement patterns are frequently seen on contrast enhanced images, but the imaging findings are nonspecific and cannot be used definitively to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.

Objective: Although mammography is the primary imaging method of the breast, incidental benign and malignant breast lesions are increasingly being detected on computed tomographies (CTs) performed to detect different pathologies. Therefore, the detection and accurate identification of these lesions is important. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency, morphological features, and results of incidental breast lesions on CTs performed for the detection of extramammarian pathologies. Materials and Methods:Incidental breast lesions on CTs performed in our department between 2011 and 2013 were evaluated. Patients who had previously diagnosed breast lesions were excluded from the study. The inclusion criteria were histopathologic diagnose and being followed -up for at least 2 years. Results:The study population consisted of 33 women whose mean age was 55±1.38 (37-78) years. Of the 33 women, 12 (36%) had malignant and 21 (64%) had benign or normal findings. The most common malignant lesion was invasive ductal carcinoma, and the most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma. Ill-defined contour and lymphadenopathy in malignant lesions and well-defined contour in benign lesions were the most important CT findings. Conclusion:Breast must be carefully evaluated if it is included in the scans. An accurate report of breast lesions gives an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Computed tomography, thorax, breast, incidental findings IntroductionCurrently, mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the basic radiologic methods to diagnose breast diseases. However, the widespread use of multislice computed tomography (CT) in the last decade increased the rate of incidentally detected breast lesions in return, although, it is not a primary breast imaging method. Especially new generation multi-slice CTs with high spatial resolution reveal structures and pathologies that could not be previously viewed in detail. With the widespread use of multislice CT scans and higher resolution, the rate of detecting incidental findings unrelated to the main disease is increasing. These incidental findings sometimes lead to unnecessary further investigations and follow-up that result in higher cost and anxiety (1). Another problem related to this issue is radiologists' being specialized according to the field of pathology. That is why, they may fail to identify pathologies outside this area. For example, when a radiologist specialized in chest CT evaluates the breast tissue within the cross-sectional area, she/he can misinterpret or overlook some abnormalities (2).It has previously been shown that CT may detect incidental breast lesions during pulmonary and cardiac imaging. There are studies describing the characteristics of breast lesions incidentally detected on CT. However, these studies are limited in number (3-8).The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, CT features and results of breast lesions that were referred to our clinic after being detected by CT scans obtained to in...

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Microcalcification detection is a very important issue in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Generally physicians use mammogram images for this task; however, sometimes analyzing these images become a hard task because of problems in images such as high brightness values, dense tissues, noise, and insufficient contrast level. In this paper, we present a novel technique for the task of microcalcification detection. This technique consists of three steps. The first step is focused on removing pectoral muscle and unnecessary parts from the mammogram images by using cellular neural networks (CNNs), which makes this a novel process. In the second step, we present a novel image enhancement technique focused on enhancing lesion intensities called the automated lesion intensity enhancer (ALIE). In the third step, we use a special CNN structure, named multistable CNNs. After applying the combination of these methods on the MIAS database, we achieve 82.0% accuracy, 90.9% sensitivity, and 52.2% specificity values.

Introduction Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS) is a rare complication of of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) identified by involvement of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoplasmacytic cells. Case report We present a patient who was diagnosed with Bing-Neel syndrome four years after the diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Management & outcome The patient was admitted with neurological symptoms. There were lesions associated with WM involvement on brain imaging. The diagnosis was made by brain biopsy. High dose methotrexate treatment was given. Discussion CNS infiltrating agents such as fludarabine, methotrexate and cytarabine are often used in BNS treatment. Ibrutinib, which is a new bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has recently started to be used in BNS treatment, as it has been shown to be effective and penetrate the CNS.