The PI4KIIs play important roles in membrane trafficking through the production of PI(4)P. This study reveals a novel function of PI4KIIβ in regulating invadopodia formation and illustrates the importance of maintaining specific pools of trans-Golgi network–endosomal PI(4)P.

The field of interorganelle communication is now established as a major aspect of intracellular organisation, with a profusion of material and signals exchanged between organelles. One way to address interorganelle communication is to study the interactions of the proteins involved, particularly targeting interactions, which are a key way to regulate activity. While most peripheral membrane proteins have single determinants for membrane targeting, proteins involved in interorganelle communication have more than one such determinant, sometimes as many as four, as in Vps13. Here we review the targeting determinants, showing how they can be relatively hard to find, how they are regulated, and how proteins integrate information from multiple targeting determinants. Keywords membrane contact sites; interorganelle communication; lipid traffic calcium signaling; amphipathic helix; VPS13; VAP; ATG2 Running TitleTargeting for interorganelle communication Word Count: 2502 Highlights• proteins target two organelles at the same time to form bridges between them • targeting is often by short regions such as motifs and amphipathic helices • the only widespread way to target the ER is via a FFAT motif that binds VAP • FFAT motifs can be both created and destroyed by phosphorylation • amphipathic helices, often highly specific for one organelle, are hard to find

Ice2p is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein in budding yeast S. cerevisiae named ICE because it is required for Inheritance of Cortical ER. Ice2p has also been reported to be involved in an ER metabolic branch‐point that regulates the flux of lipid either to be stored in lipid droplets or to be used as membrane components. Alternately, Ice2p has been proposed to act as a tether that physically bridges the ER at contact sites with both lipid droplets and the plasma membrane via a long loop on the protein's cytoplasmic face that contains multiple predicted amphipathic helices. Here we carried out a bioinformatic analysis to increase understanding of Ice2p. First, regarding topology, we found that diverse members of the fungal Ice2 family have 10 transmembrane helices (TMHs), which places the long loop on the exofacial face of Ice2p, where it cannot form inter‐organelle bridges. Second, we identified Ice2p as a full‐length homolog of SERINC (serine incorporator), a family of proteins with 10 TMHs found universally in eukaryotes. Since SERINCs are potent restriction factors for HIV and other viruses, study of Ice2p may reveal functions or mechanisms that shed light on viral restriction by SERINCs.

There is a global rise in the emergence of infectious diseases and the enigmatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being the most recent one. It is ravaging the world with little understanding of its etiology and factors affecting its transmission dynamics. Meanwhile, seasonal variations in weather are major factors impacting infectious disease transmission patterns. Developing countries are likely to be most affected by weather changes that could impact on the spread and control of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, weather conditions alternate between rainy and dry seasons. Conditions such as rainfall, humidity and sunlight had been reported to influence host susceptibility to infectious diseases. On the other hand, these weather elements have a direct or indirect impact on the level of vitamin D availability. More so, vitamin C and D supplementation were highlighted to enhance immunity in COVID-19 patients. Thus, understanding the impact of weather changes in transmission dynamics and boosting immune response to COVID-19 through vitamin supplementation in infected patients may be crucial as the rainy season fully sets in.