The development of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related lockdown had a major impact on vehicle traffic in cities. Based on available data from the selected city of Rzeszow, Poland, it was decided to assess changes in vehicle traffic and the impact of these changes on roadside environmental pollution. As part of the research, data from the first half of 2020 regarding vehicle traffic on selected streets of the city and on the city’s inlet routes were analyzed. For the selected road sections, changes in hourly traffic volume in 2020, compared with 2019, were also determined. With data on traffic volume, an attempt was made to estimate the impact of changes in traffic volume on air pollution in the city. Research on air pollution from motor vehicles was focused on a selected section of a city road that was equipped with an automatic air pollution measurement station located very close to the road. Additionally, at the road intersection and in the vicinity of the measuring station, a sensor was installed in the roadway to count passing vehicles. A preliminary analysis of air pollution data revealed that factors such as wind speed and direction and outside temperature had a large impact on measurement results. To eliminate the influence of these factors and to obtain data concerning only contamination originating from motor vehicles traveling along the road, an appropriate mathematical model of the traffic flow–roadside environment system was built. This model was designed to determine the air pollution in the vicinity of the road generated by traffic flow. The constructed model was verified, and the conditions for its use were determined in order to study the impact of traffic and roadside environment on the level of air pollution from harmful exhaust substances. It was shown that at certain times of the day, especially at low temperatures, other sources of harmful emissions related to home heating play a major role in air pollution in the city.

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The paper presented the results of research on the choice of management approaches to ensure the effective functioning of the environmental management system of business entities. New challenges contribute to the formation of a new system of approaches to decision-making. Implementation of environmental management systems is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001: 2015. Effective EMS is based on a balanced choice of management approaches, the main objective of which is to ensure environmental performance at each stage of the EMS implementation. The clear control of indicators of environmental-organizational changes and environmental performance criteria of environmental management system requires the formation of a set of complementary management approaches that promote productive decision-making to reduce risks and prevent criticality of the environment. The result of the study is the development of an algorithm of the procedure for selecting effective management approaches. The formation of structural model of approaches in the process of implementation and functioning of the environmental management system has helped to identify the organizational activities that ensure the environmental safety of business entities. A thorough analysis of each stage of the development, implementation and operation of environmental management system enabled identifying a set of management approaches, forming a vector of environmental and organizational changes in the activities of business entities. Taking into account the developed algorithm of the procedure of selecting managerial approaches and the conceptual model of assessing managerial approaches to the effective functioning of the environmental management system, a structural model of applying managerial approaches at each stage of implementation and functioning of the EMS to improve the environmental safety of business entities was built. The study pertaining to the stages of structural model and application of QFD-methodology (Quality Function Deployment) allowed building a matrix diagram, which defines a vector of orientation of approaches, taking into account their complexity and materiality.

The article proposes a set of management approaches for each stage of implementation and functioning of the environmental management system at the motor vehicle enterprise. The proposed selection algorithm and the system model of the management approaches usage will help the management of the enterprise and the working group to develop procedures for rapid response to identified disparities in the subsystems of the «Motor Vehicle Enterprise» system. Making of effective management decisions will allow to increase the level of environmental safety of the motor vehicle enterprise and to effectively carry out ecological and organizational changes in its activities.