According to thermodynamic phases of cloud particles, clouds can be classified as liquid water, ice or mixed phase types (Korolev et al., 2017). In particular, clouds with temperatures below the freezing point but whose particles are still in the form of liquid water droplets are referred to as supercooled water clouds (SWCs, Murphy & Koop, 2005;Murray et al., 2012). SWCs can be found among clouds with temperatures as low as 233 K, especially between 258 and 273 K (Hogan et al., 2004), and are frequently observed in both stratiform and convective clouds over mid-to high-latitudes (Hu et al., 2010).SWCs play important roles in the global/regional cloud radiative effect, and also crucially influence aircraft ice accretion and artificial precipitation (Bodas-Salcedo et al., 2016;Feng et al., 2019). Over the Southern Ocean where SWCs are prevalent in the long sustained cold stratiform clouds, SWCs contribute ∼30% of the total shortwave reflected radiation (Bodas-Salcedo et al., 2016). Nevertheless, because SWCs are involved in complex

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