In this work, we studied to obtain synthetic fatty acids raw materials to produce surfactants and various detergents from paraffin. The solid paraffin extracted from the Tamsagbulag petroleum deposit was 46 mass%, distilled 350-450°C, by complexing with urea. Experimental study indicates paraffin's physicochemical characteristics from this petroleum are more suitable to use in the production of synthetic fatty acids. By solid paraffin oxidation, we obtained 33.01% of the synthetic fatty acids containing monocarboxylic acids.We suggest obtaining the synthetic fatty acid by oxidation process in normal condition from petroleum paraffin.

In this work, fatty acids, the raw materials for detergents, were obtained by the oxidation reaction of solid paraffin extracted from the Tsagaan-Els petroleum deposit of Mongolia. The oil fraction distilled from the crude oil at 350-450°C was 20.06 mass %, and the solid paraffin was extracted from the oil fraction by complexation with urea with a yield of 34.28 %. Extracted solid paraffin contained hydrocarbons of C17-C34 and was unimodal in molecular mass distribution. Optimal conditions for the oxidation reaction of solid paraffin extracted from the oil fraction were determined by mathematical modeling depending on various reaction parameters and found to be 0.6 l/min for catalyst amount and 0.1 mass % (from paraffin) for oxygen flow. The oxidation reaction of solid paraffin extracted from the Tsagaan-Els petroleum deposit resulted in a fraction of synthetic fatty acid with a yield of 44.09 mass %. Infrared spectroscopic analysis of the synthetic fatty acids revealed that oxygen-containing compounds formed from the reaction were predominantly monocarboxylic acids and GC-MS studies have shown that these fatty acids are synthetic fatty acids containing carbon atoms of C7-C26. We report that it is possible to oxidize the solid paraffin of petroleum in our country to produce synthetic fatty acids, which are widely used in detergent production.   Цагаан-Элсний ордын нефтийн хатуу парафинаас нийлэг тосны хүчил гарган авах Хураангуй: Энэхүү ажлын хүрээнд Монгол орны Цагаан-Элсний ордын нефтийн хатуу парафиныг исэлдүүлэн гадаргуугийн идэвхт үйлчлэлтэй угаагч бодисын гол түүхий эд болох нийлэг тосны хүчил гарган авах  судалгааг явуулсан. Судлагдаж буй нефтийн 350-450°C-д нэрэгдэх тосны фракц нь 20.06 мас.% -ийг эзлэх бөгөөд тосны фракциас карбамидаар комплекс үүсгэх замаар хатуу парафиныг 34.28 хувийн гарцтайгаар ялган авав. Хатуу парафин нь найрлагандаа С17–С34 бүхий нүүрстөрөгчийн атом агуулсан, молекул массын тархалтаараа унимодаль шинжтэй байв. Нефтийн тосны фракцаас ялгасан н-парафиныг молекул хүчилтөрөгчөөр исэлдүүлэх процессын зохимжтой горимыг янз бүрийн параметрүүдээс хамааруулан математик загварчлалын аргаар тооцоолоход катализаторын хэмжээ 0.1 мас.% (парафинд тооцсоноор), хүчилтөрөгчийн урсгалыг 0.6 л/мин гэж тодорхойлов. Уг горимын дагуу Цагаан-Элсний ордын нефтиэс ялгасан хатуу парафиныг исэлдүүлэхэд 44.09 мас.% гарцтай нийлэг тосны хүчлийн фракцийг гарган авсан. Нийлэг тосны хүчлийн нил улаан туяаны спектроскопийн шинжилгээгээр монокарбон хүчлүүд зонхилсон хүчилтөрөгч агуулсан нэгдлүүд үүсэж байгааг тогтоосон бөгөөд хийн хроматограф-масс спектрометрийн судалгаагаар эдгээр тосны хүчил нь С7-С26 бүхий нүүрстөрөгчийн атом агуулсан дээд тосны хүчлүүд болохыг тодорхойлов. Судалгааны дүнд манай орны нефтийн хатуу парафиныг исэлдүүлэн төрөл бүрийн угаагч бодисын үйлдвэрлэлд өргөнөөр хэрэглэгддэг суурь түүхий эд болох нийлэг тосны хүчлийг гарган авах боломжтой гэж дүгнэлээ.Түлхүүр үг: нийлэг тосны хүчил, парафин, нефть, катализатор, оксидат, математик загварчлал.

Cracking is the complex physical and chemical process of converting high molecular hydrocarbons into valuable products such as gasoline fraction and light fuel fraction. There are several oil fields in Mongolia and three large deposits already are being exploited. The crude oil was classified as high-paraffinic crude oil because of its high viscosity and low yield of fuel fraction. The contents of asphaltenes and resins in the oil were low. Therefore, the cracking process is necessary to convert the paraffinic Mongolian crude oil to lighter distillates for the production of transportation fuels and chemicals. In this work, we studied the hydrocracking process of atmospheric residue (>350°C) to produce fuel fractions from high paraffin Tsagaan-Els oil of Mongolia. The hydrocracking experiment was carried out with and without a catalyst at temperature 450°C for 1-3 h under a hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa. Commercial Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst (Ni 3%, Mo 15%) was used in the hydrocracking experiments for 1 and 2 h. The yields of light and middle distillates obtained by hydrocracking of the atmospheric residue for 3 h without catalyst were 15.8 and 17.7 wt.%, respectively. The effect of catalyst was tested in the experiments for 2 h. By the hydrocracking with catalyst, the yield of light distillate has increased 4.5 wt.% in comparison with the yield of light distillate obtained from the experiment without catalyst. In this study, we report that the atmospheric residue in the Tsagaan-Els oil could be liquefied by thermal cracking at 350°C to increase the yield of gasoline and diesel fuel.