Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, but current treatments for AD are mostly limited to the alleviation of symptoms and inhibition of inflammation. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only curative approach for allergic diseases and could be a promising way to cure AD. Although ASIT has been gradually applied to patients with AD, there are still few studies on its efficacy evaluation and mechanisms. Based on our previous established AD mouse model by dinitrofluorobenzene and an extract of Dermatophagoides farina, we performed ASIT on this AD model through subcutaneous injection of Dermatophagoides farina extracts to evaluate the efficacy of ASIT and study its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that ASIT could not only alleviate skin lesions and scratching behaviors of AD mice but also inhibit their Th2‐type immune responses. Furthermore, ASIT could increase the infiltration of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells in skin lesions but attenuated their maturation and production of interleukin 1α and interleukin 12/23 p40. As immature and semi‐mature dendritic cells preferentially induce tolerance, accumulation but inhibition of maturation of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells after ASIT may indicate a novel mechanism of ASIT and a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Background:The combination of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) and energy equipment have been widely used in the clinic.Aims: To determine whether the energy of microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) affects the efficacy of BoNT/A and to provide an optimal strategy for the energy device in combination with BoNT/A in the clinic.Methods: First, a total of 45 females with moderate-to-severe periorbital crow's feet wrinkles were enrolled and divided into three groups according to different treatment methods and intervals, including BoNT/A injection alone, BoNT/A injected immediately after MFR treatment and BoNT/A injected 7 days after MFR treatment. The photographs were compared before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Then, the mouse models were established by combining MFR with BoNT/A at different intervals, to evaluate muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle nutritional markers, and important cytokines levels.Results: All patients in each group had high satisfaction. The MFR + BoNT/A (immediately) group could improve dynamic wrinkles, but the others had more significant efficacy (p < 0.05). The results of mouse models showed that all BoNT/A groups induced different degrees of muscle paralysis in vivo, but the paralytic effect induced by the BoNT/A group, MFR + BoNT/A (interval of 3-day) group, and MFR + BoNT/A (interval of 7-day) group were higher than others and the expression levels of muscle nutritional markers in NMJ tissues were significantly upregulated. Conclusion:MFR has a certain reduction effect on the activity of BoNT/A, and this reduction effect would last for 3 days after MFR treatment.
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe pruritus and eczematous lesions. Heterogeneity of AD has been reported among different racial groups according to clinical, molecular and genetic differences.ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct an in‐depth transcriptome analysis of AD in Chinese population.MethodsWe performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis of skin biopsies from five Chinese adult patients with chronic AD and from four healthy controls, combined with multiplexed immunohistochemical analysis in whole‐tissue skin biopsies. We explored the functions of IL19 in vitro.ResultsScRNA‐seq analysis was able to profile a total of 87,853 cells, with keratinocytes (KCs) in AD manifesting highly expressed keratinocyte activation and pro‐inflammatory genes. KCs demonstrated a novel IL19+IGFL1+ subpopulation that increased in AD lesions. Inflammatory cytokines IFNG, IL13, IL26 and IL22 were highly expressed in AD lesions. In vitro, IL19 directly downregulated KRT10 and LOR in HaCaT cells and activated HaCaT cells to produce TSLP.ConclusionAbnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes contribute immensely to the pathogenesis of AD, whereas AD chronic lesions have witnessed significant presence of IL19+IGFL1+KCs, which may be involved in the disruption of the skin barrier, the connection and magnification of Th2 and Th17 inflammatory responses, and mediation of skin pruritus. Furthermore, progressive activation of multiple immune axes dominated by Type 2 inflammatory reaction occur in AD chronic lesions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.