Background Persistent symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 are prevalent weeks to months following the infection. To date, it is difficult to disentangle the direct from the indirect effects of SARS‐CoV‐2, including lockdown, social, and economic factors. Objective The study aims to characterize the prevalence of symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life at 12 months in outpatient symptomatic individuals tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to individuals tested negative. Methods From 23 April to 27 July 2021, outpatient symptomatic individuals tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 at the Geneva University Hospitals were followed up 12 months after their test date. Results At 12 months, out of the 1447 participants (mean age 45.2 years, 61.2% women), 33.4% reported residual mild to moderate symptoms following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared to 6.5% in the control group. Symptoms included fatigue (16% vs. 3.1%), dyspnea (8.9% vs. 1.1%), headache (9.8% vs. 1.7%), insomnia (8.9% vs. 2.7%), and difficulty concentrating (7.4% vs. 2.5%). When compared to the control group, 30.5% of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive individuals reported functional impairment at 12 months versus 6.6%. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with the persistence of symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1; 2.60–6.83) and functional impairment (aOR 3.54; 2.16–5.80) overall, and in subgroups of women, men, individuals younger than 40 years, those between 40–59 years, and in individuals with no past medical or psychiatric history. Conclusion SARS‐CoV‐2 infection leads to persistent symptoms over several months, including in young healthy individuals, in addition to the pandemic effects, and potentially more than other common respiratory infections. Symptoms impact functional capacity up to 12 months post infection.

Objective Psychiatric impact of COVID-19 is still explored and previous data suggest potential risks of anxiety, depression and PTSD related to COVID-19. We aimed to explore the predictive value of risk factors during hospitalization (T0) for COVID-19 for anxiety, depression and PTSD and at three months (T1) because they could differ over these two time points. Methods We performed a screening of mental suffering in hospitalized patients for COVID-19, as well as specialized care and three months longitudinal follow-up. We evaluated at T0 and at T1 the prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD in survivors who benefited from early detection and treatment, and assessed possible risk factors in adults surviving COVID-19 between the 30 th March and the 1 st of July 2020. Results 109 patients were screened at T0 and 61 of these were reassessed at T1. At T0, we found 44.9% pathological score on peritraumatic dissociation experiences questionnaire (PDEQ), 85.4% of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), 14.6% of pathological rate of post-traumatic stress disorder scale 5 (PCL5) and at T1, 86.9% of PTSS, 10.6% of pathological rate of PCL5. Finally, PDEQ score at T0 during hospitalization was positively correlated to PCL-5 score at T1 (β=0.26, p=0.01) and that was confirmed in multivariate analysis (β=0.04, p=0.02 for the log of PCL-5 per point on the PDEQ). Conclusion Screening of psychiatric symptoms during hospitalization for COVID-19 should be systematic, especially peritraumatic dissociation to offer an early treatment and prevent PTSD, which seemed frequent for hospitalized patients for COVID-19 at three months.

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