No abstract

Background. Iron deficiency continues to be a common problem among infants throughout the world. Iron-fortified formula is effective in preventing iron deficiency but the benefit of iron-fortified cereal is controversial. Methods. We compared iron-fortified rice cereal to unfortified rice cereal in infants who were exclusively breast-fed for more than 4 months and to iron-fortified formula in infants who were weaned to formula before 4 months of age. The design was double blind in respect to the presence or absence of fortification iron in the cereal or formula and included 515 infants who were followed on the protocol from 4 to 15 months of age. Rice cereal was fortified with 55 mg of electrolytic iron per 100 g of dry cereal and infant formula with 12 mg of ferrous sulfate per 100 g of dry powder, levels approximating those in use in the United States. Measures of iron status were obtained at 8, 12, and 15 months. Infants with hemoglobin levels of <105 g/L were excluded from the study and treated. Results. Consumption of cereal reached plateaus at means of about 30 g/d after 6 months of age in the formula-fed groups and 26 g/d after 8 months in the breast-fed groups; these amounts are higher than the 19-g/d mean intake by the 73% of infants who consume such cereal in the United States. Among infants weaned to formula before 4 months, the cumulative percentages of infants excluded for anemia by 15 months were 8%, 24%, and 4%, respectively, in the fortified cereal, unfortified cereal and formula, and fortified formula groups (P < .01 unfortified vs either fortified group; the difference between the two fortified groups was not significant). In infants breast-fed for more than 4 months, the corresponding values were 13% and 27%, respectively, in the fortified and unfortified cereal groups (P < .05). Mean hemoglobin level and other iron status measures were in accord with these findings. Conclusion. Iron-fortified infant rice cereal can contribute substantially to preventing iron deficiency anemia.

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Diabetes, Versión Larga en español (DES-LF-S), con 528 adultos con diabetes. El análisis factorial confirmatorio revela que el modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos en la muestra tiene una estructura de 3 factores y replica la estructura de la escala en su versión original. Los reactivos que componen la escala explicaron el 63.79% de la varianza. La escala demostró niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna, obteniéndose un alfa de Cronbach de .96; adicionalmente se obtuvieron los percentiles para la interpretación de resultados individuales. Los hallazgos apoyan el uso de la DES-LF-S para evaluar la autoeficacia relacionada con la diabetes en adultos con la enfermedad.Palabras clave: Autoeficacia; psicometría; adulto; diabetes mellitus ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of Anderson, Funnell, Fitzgerald y Marrero´s Diabetes Empowerment Scale, Long Form-Spanish (DES-LF-S), in 528 diabetic adults. The confirmatory factor analysis stated that the model that best adjust to the data has a tridimensional structure and replicates the structure of the scale in its original version. Items of the scale explained 63.79% of variance. The scale showed satisfactory Recibido en septiembre 01 de 2015 Aceptado en marzo 18 de 2016

Los índices de consumo de alcohol en hombres y mujeres presentan valores similares encontrando un incremento en el caso de las mujeres (ENA, 2002, 2008), asimismo se ha asociado el ingerir bebidas embriagantes con las estrategias de afrontamiento. El no disponer de formar de afrontar las tensiones ante los problemas en general surge como manejo de la tensión el consumo del alcohol. La muestra del presente estudio estuvo conformada por 1800 estudiantes universitarios, 44.8% hombres y 55.2% mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 22 años. Se les aplicó el COPE para medir las estrategias de afrontamiento y tres preguntas para clasificar el consumo del alcohol. Los resultados muestran que el 72.3% de los alumnos consume alcohol, siendo los hombres quienes consumen mayor cantidad del mismo, asimismo se observa que las mujeres afrontan más el estrés con apoyo en la religión, mientras que los hombres emplean evasión, consumo de alcohol y drogas, y humor. palabras clave: Consumo de alcohol, estrategias de afrontamiento, alumnos universitarios �bstract Alcohol consumption rates in men and women have similar values, butan increase in women'scase is observed(NAS*, 2002, 2008).Also drinking alcoholic beverages has been associated with coping strategies. Not having ways of coping with stressgenerated by stress management problems generally ends up in alcohol consumption. The sample of this study was made up of 1800 university students, 44.8% men and 55.2% women, aged 22 on average. COPE was applied to them for measuring coping strategies and three questions were made to classify alcohol consumption. The results show that 72.3% of students consume alcohol, being men withhigher consumption; it is also observed that women face stress mainly with religious support, while men resort toevasion, alcohol and drugconsumption, and humor.

The objective of this research was to study the psychometric properties of the Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales in the version of 39 items (Díaz et al., 2006) with samples from four Mexican universities. First, an exploratory factorial analysis was performed with 754 university students, testing different models according to the literature; the model with the best fit was the one that grouped the 31 items in three factors: Tendency to self-actualization, interpersonal and intrapersonal relations and Autonomy, with a total internal reliability of α = .77. In the second phase, we worked with 753 participants, with whom we performed a confirmatory analysis of which we obtained goodness of fit indices indicating a good model according to the criteria proposed by Hu and Bentler (1999). The factor loadings of the items were between .35 and .81, and the internal reliability of the test was α = .73. The findings confirm what other authors have concluded in this respect, that the hexa dimensional structure of the original model is not replicated.