This study was conducted on one hundred common bean landraces at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Melko, with the objective of assessing genetic variability and association of traits in common bean landraces collected from different parts of Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a simple lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. This highly significant difference indicates the existence of large variability among genotypes. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for plant height (19.43, 11.73), pod length (11.27, 10.69), and 100-seed weight (15.42, 12.74). High heritability in the broad sense was found for days to 50% flowering (66.98), days to 90% maturity (87.43), pod length (90.03), pod width (78.23), harvest index (98.67), and 100-seed weight (68.31). High genetic advance as a percentage of mean with high heritability was obtained for pod length, pod width, harvest index, and hundred seed weight. Grain yield had a positive and significant association with pod length (rp = 0.153 ∗ , rg = 0.282 ∗ ∗ ) and 100-seed weight (rp = 0.294 ∗ ∗ , rg = 0.492 ∗ ∗ ). Hundred seed weight exerted the highest positive direct effect (0.294) on grain yield at genotypic level. The D2 classified landraces into 7 clusters and one solitary, which makes them moderately divergent. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters VII and IV. The first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one altogether explained about 79.56% of the total variation. In conclusion, the top high-yielding landraces, namely, P#1247, P#1092, P#1077, P#861, P#990, P#763, P#58, and P#857, should be included in the next breeding program. 100-seed weight had the highest direct effect and a positive significant association with grain yield. Thus, it should be considered as the selection criteria for further common bean yield improvement. However, the current result is merely indicative and cannot be used to draw definite conclusions. Therefore, the experiment should be replicated in different locations and seasons for greater consistency.

Bread wheat is the world’s leading cereal grain, and more than one-third of the world’s population uses it as a staple food. The bread wheat production in Ethiopia is low compsssared to the national average yield, mainly due to the lack of high-yielding genotypes. This study was conducted during the 2019-2020 growing season to assess genetic variability and estimate the association of traits among bread wheat genotypes. The experiment consists of 49 bread wheat genotypes and is laid out in 7 × 7 simple lattice designs. The results showed significant differences ( p  < 0.01) among genotypes for most of the studied traits. Moderate genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values were estimated for yield plant −1, thousand seed weight, and biomass yield. High heritability coupled with a high GAM was observed for thousand seed weight and yield plant –1. The grain yield showed a highly significant ( p  < 0.01) correlation with many yield-related traits at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The biomass yield and the harvest index exerted the highest positive direct effect on grain yield at the genotypic level. The highest intercluster distance was observed between clusters I and IV (D2 = 31.86 ∗ ∗ ), followed by clusters II and IV (D2 = 29.21 ∗ ), and clusters II and III (D2 = 28.24 ∗ ), which indicated the chance of selecting a member of these clusters for hybridization. This experiment’s result indicates sufficient genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which provides ample scope for selecting superior and desired genotypes. Best-performed genotypes should be included in the future breeding program for further yield improvement. In conclusion, attention should be given to traits with moderate to high heritability and GAM, exerting a positive direct effect on the grain yield. However, the experiment should be repeated over locations and seasons to draw a definite conclusion.