Coeval plant microfossil assemblages of glacigene deposits of Gondwanaland are divisible on the basis of proportions of major morphological groups into two distinct types. They are the Australian-type (with a dominance of trilete spores and up to 10 percent monosaccate pollen) and the Indian-type (dominated by monosaccate pollen with a minor proportion of spores). The lack of diversity of the Indian-type palynoflora is consistent with a parent flora adapted to harsh physical conditions such as a severe glacial environment. The Australian- type palynofloras, by contrast, suggest parent plant communities developed under milder conditions, perhaps peripheral to ice centers or experiencing a greater fluvial influence. Recognition of Australian-type palynofloras associated with coal measure sequences in Tanzania, and coeval with glacigene sequences elsewhere in Gondwanaland may indicate that the post-glacial flora in the Gondwana countries was not simply the result of evolution and radiation in response to the end of widespread glaciation.