The design of Marlatt and Datta [1] was used to compare the design and economics for acetone‐butanol‐ethanol facilities. The process and economics include liquid‐liquid extraction and the required downstream modifications.

Amination of vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene (VBC-DVB) copolymers is an effective method for preparation of ion-exchange resins. Conventionally, the starting polymer is produced by chloromethylation of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer that utilizes chloromethyl methyl ether, a known carcinogen. An alterative approach is to copolymerize vinylbenzyl chloride with divinylbenzene to generate the necessary VBC-DVB. This method provides precise control over the density of the ion-exchange groups. The regiochemistry of the vinylbenzyl chloride methods was realized using solvent-ion exchange groups. In this investigation, an improved solvent system was found for the preparation of anion exchange resins by the vinylbenzyl chloride route. The effectiveness of amination of the intermediate VBC-DVB polymers with a variety of trimethylamine reagents was investigated, and ethanolic trimethylamine produced the highest degree of amination. These resulting ion-exchange polymers were characterized by a variety of techniques such as analytical titrations, nitrogen analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Testing of these copolymers for breakthrough was performed. The results indicate that these anion exchangers have a meaningful increase in thermal stability over commercial anionic exchange beads.

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An accurate expression for ionic mass-transfer coefficients in ultrapure water is essential for detailed modeling and simulation of ion exchange. This paper presents an evaluation of 11 dimensionless mass-transfer correlations. Ten sets of experimental data, from both our laboratory and the literature, are used to define the best expression for ultrapure water applications. The correlation of Dwivedi and Upadhyay (Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1977, 16 (2), 157) gives the best results.