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A new theory addressing orthodoxy issues: - If 'liberty' is self- evident, why no consensus? - How to reconcile 'liberty’ as autonomy, with communal? - How to reconcile liberty with 'tolerance', 'paternalism' and 'social welfare'? Is 'liberty' not self-refuting? - In liberal societies, why is liberty for many an aspiration not social reality? - Why do rules designed to promote liberty often fail, even when generally adhered to? Elements of ‘liberty as communal freedom’: - Liberty is not perfect autarchy or autonomy, but autarchic action through integral individuality, understood communally. - Liberty is 'communal freedom'’, the primary suprametavlue. - 'Freedom through communal living' involves deference and tolerance. 'Liberty' is freedom through tolerance. - Rejecting 'rights-primitive' individuality negates ‘paternalism’. - Welfare needs are part of liberty. - Liberty cannot be at the expense of others. - 'Good' political arrangements are nonpersonal and anti- situational, whereas liberty is character regarding and situational.

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