Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which affects children in many different parts of the world. It commonly affects the lungs and the liver of the children. Brain hydatidosis is an extremely rare clinical condition in the pediatric population, presenting with non-specific symptoms and signs. The diagnosis of intracranial hydatid cysts can be established by brain magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination of the specimen. Here, we report an 8-year-old female child diagnosed with a temporoparietal brain hydatid cyst. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a thin-walled cystic lesion located in the right temporoparietal lobe with significant mass effect and midline shift, with no abnormal wall or solid enhancement, and no surrounding edema. The diagnosis of brain temporoparietal hydatid cyst was made radiologically. The patient was operated on and the cyst was completely removed without rupture. The removed cyst was sent for histopathological examination; the histological sections showed a laminated acellular cyst wall with a nucleated germinal layer and no protoscolices, and the diagnosis of temporoparietal brain hydatid cyst was confirmed. The patient had a smooth postoperative course, started albendazole therapy, and was discharged with improvement.

Neonatal suckling blisters usually present as benign skin erosions involving the distal upper extremities at birth presumably induced by vigorous sucking in utero, whereas sucking pads commonly appear as hyperkeratotic thickening of the lips indicating effective neonatal sucking reflex. These benign neonatal conditions should be differentiated from other serious systemic and dermatological diseases in newborns through their clinical manifestations and self-limited course. Here, we report a 24 hour old male newborn with a sucking blister and sucking pads present at birth coexisting simultaneously, diagnosed based on the presentation and benign course. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment.

Childhood adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely rare cancer with a poor prognosis. It usually presents during the first 5 years of life with a median age of 3-4 years, although there is a second smaller peak during the adolescence period. Here, we report a 4 -years-old female child diagnosed with childhood adrenocortical carcinoma with distant metastasis after she presented with features of Cushing syndrome and recent worsening of abdominal swelling of month duration. Chest and abdomen CT scan showed a left adrenal mass with liver and lung metastasis. Serum ACTH was low and serum cortisol was high. Biopsy from the liver showed secondary deposits with malignant carcinoma. She started treatment with chemotherapy with EDP regimen with palliative intent. Despite chemotherapy she had progression of disease with systemic multiorgan involvement.

Laryngeal leech infestation is a rare cause of upper air way obstruction in children. A high index of clinical suspicion of laryngeal leech infestation has to made in child presented with foreign body sensation in the aerodigestive tract, symptoms and signs suggestive of upper air way obstruction especially in areas where drinking water from the streams and ponds is a habit. Here, we report a 9-year-old male child who presented with signs of upper air way obstruction: coughing, shortness of breath, stridor and use of accessory muscles. Direct laryngoscope examination showed a visible black mobile leech through the anterior glottis area having attachment at the anterior commissure and the other at the anterior subglottic area occupying around 75% of glottic opening. The leech adhered to the larynx was grasped cautiously with laryngeal forceps and the leech removed alive. The patient was transferred to ward with stable vital signs. Subsequently patient was decannulated and discharged home.

Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus , which is endemic in many parts of the world. Hydatid cysts can occur in any organ of the human body and the lung is the most common site in children, primarily related to higher lung tissue elasticity. Bilateral pulmonary hydatid cyst is a rare clinical phenomenon in young children. Here, we report on a 3-year-old boy diagnosed with bilateral pulmonary hydatid cyst after he came with four months history of dry cough and progressive worsening of shortness of breath. Computed tomography of the chest revealed large bilateral thick-walled pulmonary cystic mass lesions, with bilateral perihilar extension and pressure effect on the diaphragm with surrounding atelectatic changes. The patient underwent left posterolateral thoracotomy and cyst excision was done for the left hydatid cyst. Two months after the first surgical cyst excision, right posterolateral thoracotomy and cystectomy was done for the right lung hydatid cyst. He recovered well post-operatively.