Job satisfaction is an attitude of employees towards their job. It is important in business organizations because it increases individual and organizational effectiveness. Employee job satisfaction mostly is attributed to demographic characteristics, employee behaviours and psychological capital. The effect of managerial power on job satisfaction has not been explicit among antecedents of job satisfaction in management literatures. The paper objective was to explore the effect of five French and Raven’s managerial power bases on employee job satisfaction in organizations of various backgrounds. The paper adopted a qualitative methodology by reviewing 13 empirical literatures published online from different parts of the world. The paper found that referent, reward and expert power bases used by managers mostly had significant positive effect on employee job satisfaction. It was also found that coercive and legitimate power bases had mixed findings regarding their effects on employee job satisfaction. While coercive and legitimate powers had positive effect on employee job satisfaction in some few organizations, several others felt the negative effect of legitimate and coercive powers on job satisfaction. Based on the perspective of literature review, the paper concluded that reward, referent and expert managerial power bases lead in having positive effect on job satisfaction. The paper provided implication for managers in Tanzania to sustain employee job satisfaction through usage of power bases by French and Raven. KEYWORDS: Managers, expert, power, employee, satisfaction

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effects of creative industries at the Museum Village. This study was conducted at Museum Village located in Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam Region. Generally, the study assessed the effects of creative industries on the artist’s income in Museum Village by identifying types of creative industries practiced by artists, determine the level of income generated from different type of creative industries and analyzed the factor influencing income of the artist in the creative industry. Methodology: The study adopted cross-sectional research design with a sample size of 119 whereby data were collected through interview, observation and documentary review and then analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean comparisons and Multiple Linear Regression. Findings: The findings revealed that most of respondents were engaged in performing arts (51.5%) followed by designing (40.7%) and only (7.8%) were engaged in visual arts. Moreover, the study revealed that mean income earned from different type of creative industry among the artists were (273,155.34 TZS) for designing, (57,766.99 TZS) for visual arts and (147,864.08TZS) for performing arts. Results on factors influencing income of the artist in the creative industry showed that Market availability (p=0.003), Size of the business (p=0.026), Experience (p=0.014) and Technology used (p=0.019) are significant. This study concludes that creative industries performed by artist at Museum Village have positive effect on the level of income and savings among the artists. Recommendations: The study recommends that, Government of United Republic of Tanzania through its Ministries and other development partners may wish put more effort to provide technical and financial assistance for creative industry artist to perform well so as to enhance favorable environment and increase their income for their betterments.

Purpose: Healthy lifestyle behaviours lead to good health and reduce the mortality rate. The objective of this study was to examine gender differences in healthy lifestyle behaviours among students at the Institute of Rural Development Planning in Dodoma, Tanzania. Methodology: The study area was Mbwanga ward at the respective Institute. The research design was cross-sectional in which data were collected from the population at a single point in time. The sample size was 160 respondents involving 67(41.9%) males and 93(58.1%) females out of 281 registered students in the Second Year Bachelor Degree Programme of Human Resource Planning and Management 2020/2021 academic year. The data collection method was interview while a structured self-reported questionnaire derived from the Lifestyle Screening Tool developed by Kim and Kang was a data collection tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to conduct data analysis by Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings: Results showed that there were gender differences in healthy lifestyle behaviours. Females were at least leading in perceiving desirable behaviours which included water drinking, air-breathing, dietary habits, temperance and trust. Males only did better on two healthy lifestyle behaviours which included sleep and physical exercise compared with females. Further results on the Independent Samples t-Test (t [158] = -1.858; p   showed that even though both gender had different perceptions of their lifestyle behaviours, such difference was not statistically significant. Recommendations: The study recommended that students’ Programme Coordinators should remind students to drink sufficient water for keeping good health on occasions of their scheduled meeting; while students should plant more trees and flowers at the Campus and in residential areas to optimize clean air-breathing.

The livestock farming especially dairy industry is among the important components of the livestock sector in Zanzibar in terms source of animal protein, income, and employment. The present study was meant to investigate milking hygiene and handling practices among smallholder dairy farmers in Zanzibar. Cross-sectional study was conducted whereby a structured questionnaire was addressed to 359 dairy cattle farmers. The assessment of milking hygiene and handling practices among smallholder dairy farmers on were analyzed and then judged based on the selected indicators of good dairy farming practices of FAO and International Dairy Federation (IDF) and IDF, (FAO, 2011) and Zanzibar Food and Drug Board standard. The results revealed low milking hygiene and good handling practices. In addition, based on the Zanzibar Food and Drug Board’ standards, farmers comply lowly with milk quality standards and food safety regulations. It was also found that farmers, traders and processors practised milking hygiene and handling measures like hand washing, udder and utensils cleaning milking boiling and packaging. However, key un-hygiene practices include the use of plastic containers, untreated water, and lack of teat dipping. It is recommended that, for safe and quality milk availability, farmers must be equipped with knowledge and skills on good milking hygiene and handling practices. There is a need to improve farmers’ knowledge and implement hygienic milking practices in the milk production process to meet required milk quality and food safety standards. In addition, awareness creation on the importance of good milking and handling practices will create behavioural change and lead to an improvement in milk quality in Zanzibar.