Cholera, being a global health issue has remarkably affected the wellness of the people, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it could be more if no concrete Intervention is done to curtail the outbreak. The authors reviewed past and present literatures on cholera and COVID-19 from the year 2013–2023 in well renowned scientific journals such as PUBMED, ResearchGate, Google Scholar. Database servers of these journals were accessed based on their permissions. From this search the authors found that, cholera is at its peak amidst COVID in DRC. Between the 10 March 2020 to the 10 March 2022, DRC reported a total of 86 462 cases of COVID-19 in 314 health zones in all 26 provinces of the country, with 1335 deaths recorded. And since the beginning of 2022, 6692 suspected cholera cases including 107 deaths have been reported in 54 health zones in 11 provinces of DRC, compared with 3681 suspected cases and 91 deaths reported during the same period in 2021 in 67 health zones in 14 provinces in the country. The authors realized that despite all efforts to mitigate the spread of cholera in DRC by the Congolese government and the non-governmental organizations in the country, there are still some gaps required to be filled, such as; limited community mobilizations and awareness campaigns about the signs and symptoms of cholera and COVID-19, unavailability of free cholera and COVID-19 vaccines to all the Congolese populations as well as association of witchcraft to diseases. etc. Hence, to mitigate this menace, the authors urge the Congolese government to utilize research implementation strategies such as increase mass awareness campaigns on cholera and COVID among the Congolese populations as well as training workshops for the religious and traditional leaders as well as the healthcare providers in the country for a better diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI A H5N1) has occurred over the past few years, especially during the 1918–1919 Spanish Flu pandemic, which wiped out many people in the world. It caused acute illness in about 25–30% of the world’s population, which led to the deaths of up to an estimated 40 million people. Of recent, public health authorities in Spain reported the detection of avian influenza A in two poultry workers on a single farm, following an outbreak in poultry confirmed on 20 September which was likely to be due to exposure to infected poultry or contaminated environments and poor interprofessional collaborations among the Spanish health workers. This is a public health challenge for the Spanish government and the world at large. Thus, we believed that through the One Health approach in Spain, there would be a stop to and prevention of further spread of the recent outbreak of avian influenza A in Spain, as well as other infectious diseases and future outbreaks in the country and the world at large.

Background: Appendectomy is a surgical procedure performed on a patient with acute appendicitis and is often performed by surgery and performed in an emergency. The authors have carried out this study, which aims to describe the surgical characteristics of appendectomies. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, and documentary cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022. Within this time ~591 acute abdominal surgical procedures were performed, including 196 appendectomies performed in the general surgery department. Results: This study focused on 196 appendectomies performed out of a total of 591 surgeries performed, with an incidence of 34.2%. 51 cases (26%) for the age group between 15 and 20 years, 129 cases (65.8%) of women participated in the appendectomy. 133 (67.8%) acute appendicitis, 48 (24.5%) appendicular abscess and 15 (7.7%) appendicular peritonitis were indications for appendectomies. For the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score: for the ASA I, 112 (57.1%) of the patients had no conditions other than those requiring surgery (appendectomy). For the Altemeier classification, the authors recorded 133 (67.9%) own surgeries. 56 (28.6%) surgical site infections followed by 39 (19.8%) inflammation (swelling and redness), 37 (18.8%) pain, 24 (12.4%) purulent peritonitis, 21 (10, 7%) postoperative hemorrhage and 19 (9.7%) paralytic ileus and 157 (80.1%) patients benefited from medical treatment. Conclusion: The low incidence of complications related to laparotomy appendectomy has been reduced to a minimum thanks to the respect of sanitary measures and the quality of the technique.

This current work describes how the nutritionists and dietitians in Nigeria to tackle the nutritional deficiencies among the under-5 children in Nigeria due to poor food preparation by the parents and caregivers as well as how the food is chosen for these children. Studies have shown that the resultant effects of poor food preparation and the skewness of food choices on particularly the more vulnerable group of under-5s are malnutrition. According to the State of the World’s Children , published by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, the prevalence of child malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, is particularly high. Thus, it is high time for the nutritionists and dietitians in Nigeria to step up their advocacy, community sensitization, and awareness campaigns on appropriate diet and approach to food issues, especially on how food is prepared by most Nigerian parents and caregivers, and also work on their decision-making process governing the food choices they make for their children.