INTRODUCTIONMastalgia, or breast pain, is a common complaint that may affect up to 70% of women in their lifetime.1 It is not unusual for women to have 2-3 days of mild breast pain premenstrually but 8-30% of women report moderate to severe breast pain with duration of 5 or more days each month.2 Fifteen percent of women who present to a breast clinic with mastalgia will require treatment. 3Breast pain is classified as cyclical mastalgia, noncyclical mastalgia and non-specific extra-mammary pain. Cyclical mastalgia is a breast pain that has clear relationship to the menstrual cycle. Non-cyclical ABSTRACT Background:The aim of the present study is to observe the clinical profile and management of mastalgia. The objectives of the present study were to assess the clinical profile of breast diseases causing mastalgia, to study the response of mastalgia to the following three drugs: Danazol, Bromocriptine, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (topical diclofenac gel). Methods: It was prospective type of study. Inclusion criteria: Patients of age group 15-50 years, all patients suspected or diagnosed for breast pathology with mastalgia. Exclusion criteria: immune-compromised patients, all patients undergoing surgical removal of breast lump, pregnant females. Evaluation of pain was done using visual analog scale, prior to giving the treatment and after giving the treatment each week for the first month and thereafter monthly for the next 6 months. Results:The clinical profile of mastalgia was as follows: fibroadenosis accounting for 37 (46.25%), followed by 10 (12.5%) cases of fibroadenoma, 08 (10%) cases of mastitis, 06 (7.5%) cases of breast abscess, 03 (3.75%) cases of duct ectasia, 02 (2.50%) cases of galactocoele, 02 (2.50%) cases of breast carcinoma and 12 (15%) cases of nonspecific extra-mammary pathology. Patient's response rate to different drugs included in the study was: 64.8% to danazol, 56.9% to bromocriptine and 76.01% to topical diclofenac gel. Conclusions: Cyclical mastalgia accounted for more proportion of patients than non-cyclical mastalgia. Common causes of mastalgia being fibroadenosis, followed by fibroadenoma, mastitis, breast abscess, duct ectasia, galactocoele, breast carcinoma and non-specific extra-mammary pathology. Danazol and bromocriptine are effective in treatment of mastalgia, though they show different side effect profiles and varying patient compliance.

INTRODUCTIONAccurate methods of detecting common bile duct and pancreatic disease in patients are important to both surgeons and endoscopists for planning an effective interventional strategy and therefore a need for less invasive, safe and highly sensitive diagnostic procedure. 1Various invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques have been employed to achieve this aim.2 Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound and CT scan (abdomen and pelvis) are widely used in preliminary investigations of pancreaticobiliary disease, though easily available and ABSTRACT Background: Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound and CT scan (abdomen and pelvis) are widely used in investigations of pancreaticobiliary disease, though easily available and cheap, have limitations in term of sensitivity. Invasive procedures like ERCP, though considered gold standard for diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary disease, requires highly skilled team of supporting doctors. MR Cholangio Pancreatography (MRCP) is evolving as an effective noninvasive imaging technique for examining patients with pancreatic or biliary diseases. The purpose is to illustrate the findings of MRCP in various abnormalities affecting the pancreaticobiliary diseases. Objective was to study the role of MRCP as non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosis of pancreatobiliary diseases, in diagnosing lower biliary tract pathologies, pancreatic duct pathologies, determining treatment modality in pancreatobiliary diseases, surgical or endoscopic Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune for a period of two years from July 2015 to September 2017. 60 patients were enrolled in the study, their MRCP was performed following ultrasonography. Results: The MRCP diagnosed the following pathologies-cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, CBD stricture, chronic pancreatitis, choledochal cyst, cholangiocarcinoma, pseudocyst of pancreas, sclerosing cholangitis and GB perforation. Out of 60, 32 underwent surgical procedure and 20 underwent endoscopic procedure and 8 were treated medically. Conclusions: MRCP is very accurate in diagnosing CBD and pancreatic duct pathologies. Its helps in deciding the treatment modality for the same. It decides whether the patient requires ERCP and thus cuts down the rate of 'negative' ERCP.

Background: Early diagnosis represents the most important measure to decrease gastric cancer mortality. Endoscopists should be trained to perform standardized extremely rigorous observation with a low threshold of suspicion for neoplasia. Objective of present study was to compare the efficacy of conventional endoscopy with chromoendoscopy for the detection of gastric premalignant lesions using methylene blue.Methods: 100 cases where enrolled in present study with chronic abdominal pain more than 6 months. All patients underwent conventional endoscopy followed by chromoendoscopy. Biopsies from pylorus, body and fundus were sent for HPE. Comparative study was done between biopsies from conventional endoscopies and chromo endoscopies, Inference (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) were drawn.Results: Out of 100 patients, 4 of the patients were positive for pre-gastric malignancy. Total 4 biopsies were positive from pylorus of which 1 biopsy was positive by conventional endoscopy and 3 were positive from chromoendoscopy. In our study sensitivity of chromoendoscopy for detection of lesions in pylorus was 25%, specificity was 100% and accuracy was 97%P=0.04Conclusions: Chromoendoscopy is superior to conventional endoscopy in detection of pre-gastric malignancy. Chromoendoscopy could be performed in the same setup of conventional endoscopy which was relatively cheaper than the other modalities and the results were equivocal with that of other commercial modalities.