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Power system state estimation with exclusive utilization of synchronous phasor measurements demands that the system should be completely observable through PMUs only. To have minimum number of PMUs, the PMU placement issue in any network is an optimization problem. In this paper, a model for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electric power networks is presented. Optimal measurement set is determined to achieve full network observability during normal conditions, i.e. no PMU failure or transmission line outage is considered. Observability analysis is carried out using topological observability rules. A connectivity matrix modification based integer linear programming is used as an optimization tool to obtain the minimal number of PMUs and their corresponding locations while satisfying associated constraint. Simulation results for IEEE 30-bus and New England 39-bus test systems are presented and compared with the existing techniques, to justify the effectiveness of proposed method. In All investigations, the zeroinjected buses are considered to obtain the best answers.Keywords-Phasor measurment unit; integer linear programming; network observability; optimal placement; network connectivity.I.

A strategic phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement scheme is proposed in this work to reduce the cyber vulnerability of the power system against cyber attacks. A multi-stage PMU placement strategy is developed to alleviate the power system vulnerability against the possible false data injection attacks using the forward dynamic programming to distribute the capital cost of PMUs over a time horizon. An index is also proposed to quantify the vulnerability of the nodes of a grid against false data injection attacks. This index is useful in selecting the optimal set of candidate buses for PMUs placement and prioritising the candidate buses for PMUs placement in a specific deployment stage. The proposed scheme will also ensure the critical observability of the grid in its first stage and increment in observability levels in subsequent stages. Simulation results are provided for IEEE 14bus, IEEE 39-bus, and IEEE 118-bus test systems, considering the impact of zero injection bBuses (ZIBs) on optimisation process, to justify the effectiveness of the proposed index and PMUs placement approach.