During the Napoleonic Wars, over 100,000 French prisoners of war were held captive in Britain. These prisoners remain a marginal group in the military history of the period, yet they represent a key turning point in the history of European prisoners of war, and their predicament offers insights into the nature of the French Revolution. This article considers the treatment and experiences of French prisoners, and in particular seeks to understand the circumstances surrounding their long-term captivity. Unlike eighteenthcentury prisoners of war, prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars remained captive for the duration of the conflict, unable to return home through the traditional means of prisoner exchange or officer parole. This radical departure from the past gave rise to the modern practice of interning prisoners of war for the entire duration of a war. This historic shift was, on the one level, a result of the actions of one man -Napoleon Bonaparte. Yet, as this article highlights, it must also be understood as part of the long-term social and cultural legacy of the French Revolution. 362 NAPOLEON'S LOST LEGIONS dramatically climbed, placing a growing burden on the British government and its prison system. In all, a staggering 102,000 French prisoners of war were held in Britain during the conflict. 1 Despite their numbers and the many problems that they posed the British government, these prisoners have not captured great historical interest. With the exception of Philippe Masson's study, Les Sépulcres flottants , dealing exclusively with the subject, it is necessary to go back to the early twentieth century to find histories -still valuable, but now somewhat dated -of war prisons and prisoners of war in Britain during the Napoleonic wars. 2 Denis Smith has recently written on prisoners, including French, held on the Spanish island of Cabrera during the Peninsular War, and Michael Lewis has studied the fate of British prisoners of war in Napoleonic France, but no comparable study of French prisoners in Britain has appeared in English. 3 Moreover, whilst Masson's study, like the early British works, provides a wealth of information about the treatment and daily lives of prisoners, it does not integrate its subject into the wider history of the Revolutionary-Napoleonic era. In turn, the history of French Napoleonic prisoners of war has not been absorbed into the general military historiography of the period. In recent decades, excellent histories have appeared on the Napoleonic wars, and on the French army and its conscript soldiers. 4 Detailed accounts have appeared of how French soldiers were recruited, trained and fought. Yet the experience of French prisoners of war rarely rate a mention in these studies. This absence is also apparent in works addressing the history of the war from the British perspective. 5 Once lost to the emperor on the battlefield or high seas, French prisoners of war in Britain have also been lost to the general history of the period.This article suggests that French prisoners of war in Brit...