Abstract. The investigation of the influence of CdCl 2 different concentration (20, 50, and 100 M Cd) on germination of seeds and growth of germs of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been carried out. The effect of Cd 2+ ions on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system function of wheat shoots cells has been also studied. Cadmium concentrations and cultivar-dependent response to Cd were assessed. It has been shown that Cd treatment caused inhibition of length increase in shoots as well as increase of lipid peroxidation rate (MDA level) and lowered catalase activity. On the other hand Cd-induced oxidative stress was indicated by the markedly increase of guaiacol-peroxidase activity. The role of plant age on formation of biosystem reaction was also discussed in present work. The very high peroxidase activity in wheat shoots may be an important part of Cdresistance machinery of wheat. The obtained results indicated that Cd-tolerance of wheat may be related with the activation of the antioxidant system to avoiding the toxicity of heavy metal.

In this work, the effect of low-intensity (non-thermal, flux capacity 0.06 mW/cm2) electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) of extremely high frequency (EHF) (42.2 GHz and 50.3 GHz) as pre-sowing treatment on germination, early growth and α-amylase activity of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) has been studied. The measurements conducted during seed germination were the germination energy and germination power, germination index, shoot and root length, as well as fresh weight. The labo­ratory experiment followed a completely randomized design, with four treatments (control, 5 min – T5, 10 min – T10, and 15 min – T15) and three replications. It was shown that EHF EMI pre-sowing treatment at both used frequencies favored the germination and growth of wheat seeds, and results were more expressed at a frequency of 50.3 GHz – the resonant frequency of water. We found that EMI with 50.3 GHz for 10 min significantly improved germination energy (by 6.5%) and germination power (by 7.6%). At the same time, shoot high (by 11%), root length (by 12%) and fresh weight (15%) were enhanced significantly at seedling stage compared with the control. Furthermore, the measured activity of α-amylase reviled that EMI-treatment increased the enzyme activity more than 2-fold, thereby probably promoting wheat germination.

In this work the effect of aspirin on stability of rat blood erythrocyte membranes was studied, using acidic hemolysis method. Hemolysis rate of erythrocytes was shown to depend on preservation time of rat erythrocyte suspension. With increasing of preservation time the original value of optic density of rat erythrocyte suspension decreases and hemolysis time reduces. It was also shown that in the presence of aspirin the membrane stability of low-stable erythrocytes increases, moreover, hemolysis duration enhances, while aspirin leads to decreasing of membrane stability of both high-stable and enhanced-stable erythrocytes of rats.

Background. Electromagnetic irradiation with extremely high frequencies (EHF EMI) and low intensity affects living organisms of a different level of organization, but the mechanism(s) of its influence is still not understood well. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of EHF EMI on tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) of whole body exposure rats.Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were selected for this study. The animals were divided into two groups: sham exposed and experimental. The rats were exposed to the EMI of 42.2 and 50.3 GHz frequencies (power density 0.06 mW/cm 2 ) for 20 min/ day, for five days. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) as the final product of the LPO was estimated in brain, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle of rats.Results. Treatment with EMI induced oxidative stress in different organs of the rats, which was indicated by the changes of MDA level depending on the EMI frequency used and exposure duration. The MDA rate shows significant increase in brain (P < 0.001) depending on the treatment duration for both EMI frequencies used. The slightly elevated levels of MDA in the liver were observed among rats in 50.3 GHz frequency EMI-exposed group. Concerning the skeletal muscle and especially the cardiac tissue, the MDA values remained at the same levels in experimental and control groups and did not differ significantly.Conclusions. The EHF EMI applied in the multiple mode significantly enhanced the lipid peroxidation level in the brain and slightly increased the same parameter in liver. The obtained data indicate possible health implications of such exposures, which may cause damage in brain.