Rice (Oriza sativa L.) is the major cultivated crops of India with 43.38 million hectares (M ha) area and 104.32 million tons (Mt) production. It is the single largest user of fresh water that consumes about 30% and more than 45% of fresh water in world and Asia respectively (Barker et al., 1999). It accounts for more than 40% of the food grain production, providing direct employment to 70% people in Indian rural areas. Being a staple food for more than 65% of the people, our national food security relies on the growth and stability of rice production. Traditional rice cultivation requires continuous irrigation or flooding that raises the question on the availability of water in future. Thus, it is very crucial to adopt a low water utilizing approach that can produce enough to meet the food demands of increasing population without hampering the water availability in the long run.Aerobic rice is projected as sustainable rice production system for the immediate future to address water scarcity, soil health and environmental safety in the scenario of global warming (Basha and Basavarajappa, 2016). International Rice Research Institute developed the "aerobic rice technology" to address the water crisis in tropical countries.