This work assessed whether walking affects bodily development and metabolic parameters of female rats raised in small litters (three pups, group S) or control litters (nine pups, group C). After weaning, some of the rats had five sessions per week of a 30-min treadmill walking (CE and SE), while the others remained sedentary (CS and SS) until the age of 120 days. Exercise caused a reduction of body weight (CS/CE = 1.18), Lee index (CS/CE = 1.04), fasting blood glucose (CS/CE = 1.35), mesenteric (CS/CE = 1.23), and ovarian fat (CS/CE = 1.33) in CE, but only glucose was decreased in SE (SS/SE = 1.16). The diameter of adipocytes decreased to a half in the small-litter groups. Exercise increased subcutaneous (CS/CE = 0.88 and SS/SE = 0.71), but decreased retroperitoneal adipocytes (CS/ CE = 1.2 and SS/SE = 1.3). Litter size reduction had little impact on females at the age of 120 days, but the light physical activity seemed insufficient to counteract all the effects of lactational overfeeding. On the other hand, pups from exercised mothers had a decrease in their biometric and glycemic indexes, demonstrating the transgenerational action of regular, although light, exercise.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the clinical advantages of using ultrasonic technology versus conventional electrosurgery in GYN oncology procedures to reduce perioperative and postoperative complications in surgical staging, including lymphadenectomy. MethOds: An Ovid Embase/Medline, Scopus and PubMed search were conducted using keywords such as harmonic, ultrasonic, ultracision, scalpel, shears, scissor and dissector in procedures including but not limited to gynecologic surgery, genital diseases/neoplasms (female), hysterectomy, myomectomy, adenoma, cervix, carcinoma, neoplasm, tumor and malignancy. Results were limited to publications of human subject studies in English from January 2006 to October 2016. Studies comparing ultrasonic technology to conventional electosurgery for GYN oncology were selected. All abstracts were filtered, including metaanalysis, RCTs, retrospective observational studies. Case studies and review articles were excluded. Results: Four studies (one prospective and three retrospective cohort reviews) were identified from France, Italy, Czech Republic and Qatar for para-aortic lymphadenectomy or surgical staging as part of concomitant laparoscopic procedures (hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, ovary transposition) and radical vulvectomy with inguinal lymphadenectomy. All studies describing ultrasonic technology demonstrate significant benefits over conventional techniques in gynecologic oncology surgery: Intra-operative peritoneal leakages are reduced by 76% (from 14% to 3%, p= 0.004), blood loss during surgery is reduced up to 54% (from 75.4 cm3 to 34.7 cm3, p= 0.01), operative time for tissue excision is up to 18% less (from 142 min to 117 min, p< 0.05), at most 32% additional lymph nodes are harvested (from 13.7 to 18.1, p< 0.001) and up to a 100% reduction in lymphocele leaks post-operative that require treatment (from 7 to 0, p= 0.03). cOnclusiOns: Although a limited number of clinical studies evaluating ultrasonic technology for GYN oncology exist, current studies show that ultrasonic technology demonstrates significant patient benefits compared to conventional electrosurgery techniques. Benefits, however, need to be confirmed in prospective randomized trials.