4.3.2. Hybrid Self-Assemblies Constructed from an Amphiphilic Calix[4]arene and Au Nanoparticles 7267 4.4. Photomodulated Fluorescence of Supramolecular Assemblies of Sulfonatocalixarenes and Tetraphenylethene 7267 4.5. Photodynamic Therapy System Fabricated from a Calixarene-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile 7268 4.6. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Amphiphile as a Drug Delivery System 7269 4.7. Cholinesterase-Responsive Supramolecular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Carriers 7270 4.8. Supramolecular Amphiphiles Constructed from Calixarene Analogues 7271 4.8.1. Supramolecular Amphiphile Based on Calix[4]resorcinarene and a Cationic Surfactant for Controllable Self-Assembly 7271 4.8.2. Fabrication of Well-Defined Crystalline Azacalixarene Nanosheets Assisted by Se•••N Noncovalent Interactions 7272 5. Cucurbituril-Based Supramolecular Amphiphiles 7273 5.1. Supramolecular Vesicles Formed by Amphiphilc Cucurbit[6]uril and Multivalent Binding of Sugar-Decorated Vesicles to Lectin 7274 5.2. Supramolecular Photosensitizers with Enhanced Antibacterial Efficiency 7274 5.3. Supramolecular Approach To Fabricate Highly Emissive Smart Materials 7275 5.4. Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Ternary Supramolecular Amphiphiles 7276 5.4.1. Spontaneous Formation of Vesicles Triggered by Formation of a Charge-Transfer Complex in a Host 7276 5.4.2. Supramolecular Glycolipid Based on Host-Enhanced Charge-Transfer Interaction 7276 5.4.3. Supramolecular Peptide Amphiphile Vesicles through Host−Guest Complexation 7277 5.4.4. Biocompatible and Biodegradable Supramolecular Assemblies for Reduction-Triggered Release of Doxorubicin 7278 6. Pillar[n]arenes-Based Supramolecular Amphiphiles 7279 6.1. Pillar[n]arene-Based Enzyme-Responsive Supramolecular Amphiphiles 7279 6.2. Bola-Type Supramolecular Amphiphile Constructed from a Water-Soluble Pillar[5]arene and a Rod−Coil Molecule for Dual Fluorescent Sensing 7280 6.3. Cationic Water-Soluble Pillar[6]arene-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile 7281 6.4. Photoresponsive Self-Assembly Based on a Water-Soluble Pillar[6]arene and an Azobenzene-Containing Amphiphile in Water 7282 6.5. Four-Armed Supramolecular Amphiphile with Complexation-Induced Emission 7283 6.6. Supramolecular Amphiphiles as Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Dispersants 7283 6.6.1. pH-Responsive Water-Soluble Pillar[6]arene-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile 7283 6.6.2. UV-Responsive Water-Soluble Pillar[6]arene-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile 7284 6.7. Supramolecular Amphiphiles Constructed on the Basis of Pillararene/Paraquat Recognition 7284 6.7.1. pH-Responsive Supramolecular Amphiphiles on the Basis of Molecular Recognition between Pillar[n]arenes (n = 6, 7, and 10) and Paraquat 7284 6.7.2. Supramolecular Hybrid Nanostructures Based on Pillar[6]arene Modified Gold Nanoparticles/Nanorods and Their Application in pH-and NIR-Triggered Controlled Release 7286 6.8. Water-Soluble Pillar[6]arene-Based Supramolecular Vesicles for Drug Delivery 7287 7. Supramolecular Amphiphiles Constructed by Other Macrocycle-Based Host−Guest Molecular Recognitions 7288 7.1.

Supramolecular gels are a fascinating class of soft materials. Their gelators can self-assemble into nano- or micro-scale superstructures, such as fibers, ribbons, sheets and spheres in an appropriate solvent, thereby resulting in the formation of 3D networks. The dynamic and reversible nature of the non-covalent interactions that contribute to the formation of these network structures together gives these supramolecular gels the inherent ability to respond to external stimuli. However, the dynamic nature of supramolecular gels, which endows them with unique properties, makes their characterization diversified at the same time. Therefore, we present here a review summarizing various methods for characterizing supramolecular gels, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, computational techniques, X-ray techniques, microscopy techniques, dynamic light scattering, thermal analysis, and rheology. Based on the gelation mechanisms and influencing factors of supramolecular gels, suitable and sufficient characterization methods should be carefully employed to make full use of their respective advantages to better investigate these materials.

Chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective ways to treat cancer. However, traditional chemotherapy faces several obstacles to clinical trials, such as poor solubility/stability, non-targeting capability and uncontrollable release of the drugs, greatly limiting their anticancer efficacy and causing severe side effects towards normal tissues. Supramolecular chemotherapy integrating non-covalent interactions and traditional chemotherapy is a highly promising candidate in this regard and can be appropriately used for targeted drug delivery. By taking advantage of supramolecular chemistry, some limitations impeding traditional chemotherapy for clinical applications can be solved effectively. Therefore, we present here a review summarizing the progress of supramolecular chemotherapy in cancer treatment based on host-guest recognition and provide guidance on the design of new targeting supramolecular chemotherapy combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Based on a large number of state-of-the-art studies, our review will advance supramolecular chemotherapy on the basis of host-guest recognition and promote translational clinical applications.