It aims at exploring the effect of coordinated relative poverty governance in rural areas based on blockchain and back propagation (BP) neural network, so that the living standard of rural areas can be significantly improved. In view of the shortcomings and defects existing in the rural relative poverty governance, artificial intelligence technologies such as blockchain and neural network are innovatively introduced to conduct intelligent storage and data visualization analysis on the rural relative poverty governance process. A visualized governance and mechanism innovation model of rural relative poverty data based on blockchain and BP neural network is constructed. Finally, its performance is analyzed through experiments. The results show that the accuracy of data visualization prediction of the proposed algorithm model reaches 94.31%. When the amount of data is 5.5 Mb, the calculation consumption of the proposed algorithm is 0.08 s, and the average leakage rate finally stabilizes below 10%. Therefore, the constructed poverty data visualization governance model can achieve good data transmission security performance while ensuring high classification accuracy. It can provide experimental basis and contribution for the intelligent development and mechanism innovation of rural relative poverty governance.