Background: Poverty and food insecurity remain as the major challenges to achieve economic development in Ethiopia. Explaining the household food insecurity situation and identifying associated factors will help in making better decision and resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and identify the associated factors of household food insecurity in Fedis Woreda that has been affected by food insecurity for the quite time with a total population estimated to be 133,382 persons, of which the estimated urban population is 26,575 and estimated rural population is 127,877. The Woreda is in food deficit every year where the food gap is covered by food aid amounting to 15-25% for the poorest households of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study was used to collect data on calorie availability at household level, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors and coping strategies from 743 households. Household food insecurity was obtained by comparing the total food calorie available for consumption in the household per adult equivalent to the minimum level of subsistence requirement per adult equivalent of 2200 kcal. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solution. Binary logistic regression analysis is used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Conclusions:The findings imply that more than half of the community was food insecure where improvement in food security situation needs to promote family planning, undertake different income generating activities and improve access to farmer's education. These areas could provide entry points for policy intervention to reduce food insecurity and create community livelihood opportunities.

Abstract:Background: Tuberculosis and HIV have been closely linked since the emergence of AIDS. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude of Tuberculosis and its associated factors among HIV patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital in Bahir Dar city. Methods: Institutional based Cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2012 in Bahir Dar city. Systematic sampling technique was employed to collect the data; both primary and secondary data were collected by interviewing HIV cases and reviewing their cards. The data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate analysis using SPSS version 20. Result: The study was conducted among a total of 385 HIV cases. The prevalence of Tuberculosis was 10.1%. This study declared that body mass index (BMI), CD4 count and functional status were significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB). Besides, HIV cases whose BMI less than 18.5 were more than five times more likely to develop TB compared to those with BMI greater than 24.5 (AOR= 5.24, 95%CI:1.01-27.13), individual HIV cases whose CD4 count less than 200 were more than seven times likely to develop Tuberculosis compared to those whose CD4 count greater than 500 (AOR= 7.33, 95%CI:1.57-34.28), besides, the study explored that respondents who were bed redden and ambulatory were more than eight and six times more likely to develop Tuberculosis compared to those respondents who were able to work respectively (AOR=8.61, 95%CI: 1. . Conclusion: This study showed that magnitude of TB among HIV cases was 10.1%. HIV patients, whose BMI less than 18.5, CD4 count <200/µL, ambulatory and bedridden patients should be closely supervised by increasing patient round frequency and providing special nutritious food. TB/HIV co-infected patients should get all services in TB clinic. The Hospital should provide fast triaging systems for coughing patients and reducing their waiting time for services.

Background: Attrition of health professionals from public health sectors is found to be a barrier to effectiveness of health systems and to provide essential health service to population. In Ethiopia, the public health system is the major provider of health care service to the people. In particular, the poor segment of community uses public hospital, health centers and clinic, since the private health facilities are inaccessible and unaffordable to them. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and factors associated with health professionals' attrition from public health sectors in Bahir Dar city. Methods: A Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in September-October 2012. All inclusive sampling techniques of five years document reviews were used to select 727 health professional documents. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and indepth-interview guides respectively, by trained data collectors. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportion and chi square test) were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. To identify independent predictors of attrition, only variables that were statistically significant during bivariate analysis were entered into multiple logistic regression models to control the effects of confounders. Pvalues <0.05 were considered as statically significant. Result: The attrition rates of health professionals from public health sectors in Bahir Dar city were found to be 39.6%. Age, sex, marital status, educational status, workplace, current salary, professional category and work experience were the main factors associated with health professionals' attrition from public health sectors. Conclusion: The findings showed that the level of health professionals' attrition is high in the study area. Policy makers and health mangers should design appropriate retention strategies for health professionals at public health sectors in terms of most associated factors with attritions of health professionals to reduce the prevalence of health professionals' attrition from public health sectors in collaboration with development partners and concerned body.