Resumo Características reprodutivas refletem diretamente no desempenho produtivo visto que são capazes de determinar o número de bezerros nascidos anualmente, além de afetar o intervalo entre gerações e, consequentemente, a intensidade de seleção, fazendo com o que tais atributos sejam apontados como variáveis econômicas das mais importantes que afetam diretamente o sistema de produção. O presente estudo propõe realizar uma revisão de literatura de polimorfismos de genes do eixo somatotrópico associados a funções reprodutivas em novilhas e vacas (Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus), indicadas pelos índices: número de serviços por gestação (Nº serviços/gestação), idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), intervalo de partos (IP) e período de serviço, como também denominado de intervalo parto-concepção (IPC). As pesquisas encontradas durante o período de 2011 a 2021 demonstraram associações entre todos os indicadores de eficiência reprodutiva analisados de novilhas e vacas com 27 polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs), sendo 18 em GHR, 5 em IGF-I e 4 em STAT5A. Dessa forma, este estudo mostrou relação entre os SNPs e os indicadores de eficiência reprodutiva, demonstrando que técnicas de genética molecular potencializam o processo de seleção dos animais, resultando em sistemas mais lucrativos e que se sustentam a longo prazo.

Reproductive characteristics directly reflect on productive performance, as they determine the number of calves born annually and the interval between generations, thereby affecting the selection intensity. This allows for the determination of the most important economic variables that directly affect the production system. The present study is a literature review of somatotropic axis gene polymorphisms that are associated with reproductive functions in heifers and cows (Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus). The following characteristics were analyzed from the various studies reviewed: number of services per pregnancy (Nº services/ pregnancy), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), and period of service calving conception interval (CCI). The research was conducted during the period from 2011 to 2021, and associations were found among all indicators of reproductive efficiency evaluated in heifers and cows, with 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 18 in GHR, 5 in IGF-I, and 4 in STAT5A. This study revealed the relationships between SNPs and the reproductive efficiency indicators and demonstrated that molecular genetic techniques enhance the animal selection process, resulting in more profitable systems that are sustainable in the long term.

The objective of this pilot work was to perform a study about the main elements of the productive chain of rheophilic fingerlings in the Mesorregião of Southeast of Pará, in Amazon region, raising their main characteristics of productive, installations and management. From the information obtained, questionnaires were applied to fish producers. Were identified 6 fish farms in region. Among the interviewed fish farmers, the average time (years) that work in the production of fingerlings is 10.8 years. Tambaqui, is the native fish most produced besides other round species. The total number of ponds of the region is 239, and 44% used for raising and 56% used in the stocking of breeders (male and female). All producers interviewed monitor water quality, the majority (33%) comes from dams. And regarding sanitary issues, 67% say they do not have problems with diseases in animals. The total number of fish that make up the reproductive is 3,740 animals. We conclude with this pilot study that the fingerlings production units are lacking in technical information, fundamental factor for a change in the system by means of management and planning, ensuring sustainability for the development of fish farming in the region.

Caracterização da assistência técnica prestada em unidades produtoras de alevinos na mesorregião Sudeste do ParáCharacterization of technical assistance provided in alevine producing units in the southeast Mesoregion of Pará

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