Background: Rectus sternalis is considered as an unusual accessory or supernumerary muscle which appears either unilateral or bilateral in the anterior thoracic wall of human beings. It varies in length, breadth, thickness and incidence among different races and in both sexes. Regarding its origin and insertion still a clear conclusion has not been reached because some authors says it originates and ascends for insertion while some of them opines it originates and descends for insertion. Clinically, its presence also leads to false diagnosis such as Breast tumours, lipoma etc. Aim of the study: To find out the presence of Rectus sternalis muscle in the anterior chest wall during routine dissection. Materials and Methods: 37 well embalmed and preserved cadavers of both sexes which is used for routine dissection to Phase-I MBBS students were taken into condideration. The pectoral region on either side of sternum was dissected in layers and visualised for the presence of Rectus sternalis. Results: Among 37 cadavers dissected, Rectus sternalis was found in the pectoral region of a male and a female cadaver. In male it appeared bilateral, whereas in female it is unilateral. In both the cases it lie superficial to pectoralis major. Conclusion: The incidence of Rectus sternalis reported from our study was 5.4%. In the earlier days it lead to misdiagnosis and made great challenge to radiologists and surgeons, but now-a days with advancement in imaging techniques its presence can be detected clearly thus avoiding unnecessary expenditure and invitro techniques. Clinically it is also used as pedicle flap in breast reconstructive surgeries. KEY WORDS: Cadaver, Dissection, Pectoral region, Rectus sternalis, sternocleidomastoid.

Background: Placenta forms an intimate bonding between the mother and the foetus. Apart from gaseous exchange, transport of nutrients from mother to the foetus, any disease or disorder affecting the mother also reflects the foetus. Hypertension during antenatal period produces maternal vasospasm and vascular damage due to luminal constriction of uterine spiral arterioles causing histological changes in the placenta and ultimately leads to foetal hypoxia and death. Aim of the study: To compare the histological features between the normal and hypertensive placenta. Materials and Methods: 30 normal and 30 hypertensive placentae were collected, processed in the Department of Anatomy, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, and visualised under light microscope and their histological features are noted. Results: Various histological features obtained are Syncytial knots, Fibrinoid necrosis, Calcification of Placenta, Placental infarction, Stromal fibrosis, Hypovascularity of Villous, Intervillous fibrin deposition and Basement membrane thickening. Conclusion: In our study, the histological features are more prominent and their areas in microscopic field is noted more in hypertensive placentae than normal placentae.Histtological features are mainly due to maternal vasospasm and vascular endothelial injury.The statistical analysis calculated for the histological features was found to be significant. KEY WORDS: Placenta, Hypertension, Histology, Syncytial knots, Calcification.

Introduction: Coracobrachialis muscle is well known for its morphological variations. Anatomical variation of coracobrachialis near its insertion can cause compression of median nerve and brachial artery by mimicking struther's ligament. Our aim of the study was to examine and record the variations in origin and insertion of coracobrachialis muscle and to see their relationship with the median nerve and brachial artery.

Background: Liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera occupying a substantial portion of abdominal cavity. Even though anatomical variations are rare, their knowledge is important for clinicians and radiologists. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphology of liver and its variations.Methodology: This observational study was conducted on 50 formalin fixed adult livers obtained from Department of anatomy, KFMSR, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu during the year 2016 and 2017 . Different morphological variations like variations in size of right and left lobes , accessory lobes and fissures, pons hepatis segmentis were observed and their photographs were taken.Results: Out of 50 livers, accessory fissures were seen in 20 ( 40%) specimens, accessory liver lobes in 12 specimens (24 %), lingular process of right lobe in 7(14% ) specimens, lingular process of left lobe in 7 (14%) specimens, pons hepatis segmentis in 9 ( 18% ) specimens. Conclusion:Majority of variations were seen regarding accessory fissures on posterior and inferior surfaces. A thorough knowledge of these findings will be useful for physicians and they also provide enough information to avoid confusion for clinicians during surgical and radiological procedures.