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Introduction: In developing countries, maternal morbidity has been signicantly decreased so now modern obstetricians are focusing more on fetal health. Initially fetus was considered only as an outcome of pregnancy but nowa-days the fetus is considered as the second person. So it also requires as much surveillance as the health of mother. In modern obstetrics methods for fetal risk determination have shifted from less specic biochemical methods (e.g. maternal estriol determination) to more specic fetal biophysical methods. Non stress test is one of the biophysical techniques, which is widely used in the management of high risk pregnancies. With the acceptance of 'small family norm', it has become necessary that every wanted conception should successfully end in birth of a viable healthy baby. The non-stress test can identify the fetus in jeopardy in utero. This clini Methodology: cal study was conducted at KVG Medical College and Hospital, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of 1year from February 2021- February 2022. The study included 50 High Risk pregnant women in study group (selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria) and 50 Low Risk pregnant women as control group who were enrolled and evaluated by NST from 37- 41 weeks of gestation. NST resul Results: ts shows that in low risk group 76% were reactive and 24% was non-reactive. In high risk group it was 66% in Reactive and 34% non-reactive. Most (74%) of the subjects delivered normally in low risk group whereas in high risk group 50 % delivered normally and 50% underwent LSCS. In low risk group, 18.4% cases of reactive NST underwent LSCS and 50% of cases with non-reactive NST underwent LSCS. The mean NICU admission in reactive of low risk is 2.579 and that of non-reactive is 3.25. But in High risk group the NICU admission days in reactive group is 4.67 and that of non-reactive is 5.882. Conclusion: The antenatal surveillance of high risk pregnancies with NST can effectively screen for identication of high risk fetuses and segregate the population that is at risk for perinatal mortality and morbidity

Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional deciency disorders affecting the pregnant women in the developing countries. Anaemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with poor pregnancy outcome and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and foetus. Objective: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among the women who are pregnant and to determine its association with maternal and foetal outcomes. Materials and methods: Two hundred pregnant women of gestational age >37 weeks with previous and recent Haemoglobin report were included in the study and were followed up till 7 days post delivery. Appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: Among the study group, 63% of pregnant women had anaemia from which about 24% of the women had maternal and foetal morbidity. Out of the 63% of anemic pregnant women,2.38 % had postpartum hemorrhage,2.74% had preeclampsia, 3.17% went into LSCS,1.58% had obstructed labour. The fetal complications include low birth weight (27.7%) followed by preterm delivery (3.17%) and birth asphyxia(2.38%). Conclusions: A high prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women increases the maternal and foetal risks. To improve the maternal and foetal outcome, all the pregnant women must be prevented of anaemia by prophylactic iron administration, must be diagnosed of anaemia at an early stage, and be treated to avoid further antenatal and postnatal complications

Background: Pelvic inammatory disease (PID) is a clinical condition where in the uterus, oviducts and the adjacent structures are infected due to the ascending infection from the lower genital tract. The aim of our study is to report the varied clinical symptoms that point towards PID and investigate the major risk determinants for the Dakshin Kannada population, in a crosssectional study. Two hundred adult women with symptoms suggestive of pelvic ina Method: mmatory disease that came in the Outpatient Department of Gynaecological Department of the KVG Hospital were interviewed and their medical history and symptoms, including contraceptive use were noted down and analysed. Results and correlations were then statistically tested. most of the women in our study Results: were aged between 31-35years, majority of them married (87%). They exhibited seven common symptoms of PID namely pain abdomen(75%), vaginal discharge (48.5%) and others like heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, burning micturition and menorrhagia. Our study population was well aware of contraceptive usage and only few (9.5%) did not use any method of contraception. Our study Conclusion: gives an idea on the common presenting complaints in women with pelvic inammatory disease. The most common presentation being pain abdomen (75%) followed by vaginal discharge(48.5%) among other symptoms. The study also shows that most of the women were aware of contraceptive usage and practices. The most commonly affected women were middle aged (31-35 years) and married.

Introduction: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the rst line of assisted conception method, which has been widely used for the treatment of subfertility couples. It is a technique in which the semen is processed into highly concentrated motile sperm and inseminated into the uterus through the cervix using a ne catheter. It is often suggested to infertile couples of which the woman has at least one patent fallopian tube. Many prognostic factors are associated with successful pregnancy in IUI cycles e.g., younger female age, higher total motile sperm per ejaculate, better ovarian reserve, and more number of dominant follicles. The present study aims to study the inuence of female's age and body mass index on pregnancy rates following IUI procedure. This retros Methodology: pective observational study was done from June 2021 to June 2022 on 60 couples who underwent IUI at KVGMCH, sullia. The patients included in the study were aging between 19- 45 years. Weights and heights of women were recorded and BMI was calculated. They were classied into 4 BMI categories. The IUI procedure was carried out and pregnancy outcome was measured as positive urine pregnancy test. The overall pregnancy rate after IUI in the study Results: group was 15%. Highest pregnancy rate of 18.75%, was observed in the age group of 31-35 years, as compared with 10% pregnancy rate among 41-45 years. However this difference was not statistically signicant (p-0.9877),one pregnancy occurred at 42 years among 10 women over 41 years of age, whereas 3 pregnancy occurred among 16couples. BMI was calculated and tabulated according to WHO denition. The highest pregnancy rate was observed as 20% for BMI >/ 35, while the lowest pregnancy rate was 12.5% with the BMI from 18.5 to 25.5. This difference was also not statistically signicant( p-0.96992). Conclusion: The study concludes that IUI improves the chances of pregnancy in unexplained infertility. The efcacy of IUI is highest in middle age and efciency declines after the age of 45years. Pregnancy outcome is independent of BMI of women