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There have been significant advances in our understanding of the aetiology and management of disorders specific to Monochorionic Diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies like Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) and Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) but there is paucity of data about the management of uncomplicated MCDA twins pregnancies. It is accepted that even in the absence of specific complications, these pregnancies are associated with increased perinatal morbidity & mortality. The aim of this review is to gather evidence regarding the management of seemingly uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies.

Key contentr The definition of bullying is wide and relies on individual perception. r Bullying has significant consequences: bullied healthcare workers report higher levels of job-induced stress, depression and anxiety and lower levels of job satisfaction. r There have been several surveys on bullying of healthcare workers. r Deaneries must formulate strategies to support all those involved in allegations of bullying. Learning objectivesr To appreciate the difficulties of defining bullying. r To be able to distinguish constructive supervision from bullying behaviour. r To be aware of the resources available to manage bullying behaviour. Ethical issuesr In implementing effective and appropriate remedial measures there is the potential for breaching confidentiality.

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