An attempt has been made to develop water quality index (WQI), using six water quality parameters pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen and total coliform measured at three different stations along the Sabarmati river basin from the year 2005 to 2008. Rating scale is developed based on the tolerance limits of inland waters and health point of view. Weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to find WQI along the stretch of the river basin. It was observed from this study that the impact of human activity and sewage disposal in the river was severe on most of the parameters. The station located in highly urban area showed the worst water quality followed by the station located in moderately urban area and lastly station located in a moderately rural area. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality was due to the high anthropogenic activities, illegal discharge of sewage and industrial effluent, lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and urban runoff.

The use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is becoming common due to its ability to analyse complex nonlinear events. An ANN has a flexible, convenient and easy mathematical structure to identify the nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets. This capability could efficiently be employed for the different hydrological models such as rainfall-runoff models, which are inherently nonlinear in nature. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can be used in cases where the available data is limited. The present work involves the development of an ANN model using Feed-Forward Back Propagation algorithm for establishing monthly and annual rainfall runoff correlations. The hydrologic variables used were monthly and annual rainfall and runoff for monthly and annual time period of monsoon season. The ANN model developed in this study is applied to Dharoi reservoir watersheds of Sabarmati river basin of India. The hydrologic data were available for twenty-nine years at Dharoi station at Dharoi dam project. The model results yielding into the least error is recommended for simulating the rainfall-runoff characteristics of the watersheds. The obtained results can help the water resource managers to operate the reservoir properly in the case of extreme events such as flooding and drought.

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The study presents the hydraulic design and analysis of Rural Water Distribution System (WDS) for Nava shihora region of zone 1 of the state of Gujarat, India. Water supply distribution system is designed for this study for population estimated for future 30 years. LOOP 4.0 and Water Gems v8i software have been used and the results are compared to determine the economical size of pipes for water distribution system. The economical size of pipes of water supply distribution system is designed by considering the constraints; residual pressure at each node, velocity of flow in pipe, head loos in pipes, material of pipes, elevated service reservoir level, peak factor and available commercial pipe diameters. Further water distribution system has been analyzed for extended period simulation (EPS) for the present population scenario for intermittent water supply using Water Gems v8i. Further water supply system is analyzed the residual chlorine concentration at nodes and in the pipe links and also the total cost of water supply system of rural region is estimated.