Background: In this study, we compared ophthalmic artery Doppler indices between normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in third trimester and then evaluated if the alterations in ophthalmic artery doppler indices were seen in all the types of hypertensions in pregnancy or confined to preclaampsia. Further we tried to see correlation of ophthalmic artery Doppler indices with perinatal outcomes in terms of fetal growth restriction (FGR), prematurity, neonatal intensive care unit admission (NICU) and maternal outcomes and tried to arrive at mean values of ophthalmic artery Doppler indices to predict adverse outcomes. Methods: 50 hypertensive and 50 normotensive pregnant women were recruited in third trimester. A thorough history about hypertension was taken, obstetric scan was done to know estimated fetal weight, and doppler of umbilical, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries was done. Simultaneously maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler readings were taken, women were followed up after delivery and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Results: Comparison of mean values of ophthalmic artery doppler parameters in women with and without hypertension showed statistically significant differences with respect to the peak systolic velocity 2 (PSV2), PI (pulsatility index), RI (resistivity index) and peak ratio (PR) (PR=PSV2/PSV1). Significant difference was found only in PR value in preeclampsia group compared to other subgroups of hypertension. In the hypertension group complicated with FGR the mean peak ratio=0.8 whereas in the hypertension group requiring preterm delivery the mean peak ratio=0.78, and in the hypertension group requiring NICU admission the mean peak ratio=0.81. At ophthalmic artery PR cut off ≤0.725, the sensitivity and specificity were 76% and 65% respectively to predict FGR. Conclusions: Pregnancy complicated by hypertension showed alterations in ophthalmic artery Doppler indices. Among the subgroups of hypertension, ophthalmic artery PR was the best index for discriminating preclampsia from other types and it was significantly higher in hypertensive pregnant women who had adverse perinatal outcomes. Ophthalmic artery PR has almost similar performance as uterine artery PI in indicating FGR in our study. It could also indicate maternal disease severity such as hypertensive crisis requiring ICU admission, the study number was small.

BACKGROUND Sufficient iron stores is of paramount importance in neonatal period. Controversy exists whether transfer of iron to foetus from the mother is determined by foetal requirements or by maternal iron status. Studies correlating maternal and neonatal iron stores revealed conflicting results. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between maternal and neonatal iron indices at birth and to study the impact of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) status on iron status on cord blood samples and at follow up at 4 weeks. This is a prospective study conducted in tertiary care hospital. Neonates are divided into groups based on Small for Gestational Age (SGA) or Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) status. METHODS AND MATERIALS The maternal venous samples were collected 1 hr. ± 15 min prior to the delivery. Cord blood sample and venous samples at 6 weeks were collected from the newborn. Samples were estimated for Haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, serum iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC). RESULTS Total of 172 mother and newborn pairs are enrolled in the study. Significant correlation was found between maternal Hb and neonatal ferritin (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.26, p=0.002). Positive significant correlation was found between maternal iron and neonatal iron (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.294, p=0.000). Follow up ferritin levels were significantly low in SGA group (Mean ± SD: 173.9 ± 145.8 in SGA vs. 244.3 ± 159.7 in AGA, p=0.040). There was trend towards significance of ferritin levels at birth among AGA and SGA babies (Mean ± SD: 130 ± 85 in SGA vs. 150 ± 77 in AGA, p=0.08). CONCLUSION Neonatal iron stores are affected in case of severe maternal iron deficiency indicated by ferritin levels less than <12 μg/L. Low levels of iron stores at 4 weeks in SGA neonates.

BACKGROUNDPelvic organ prolapse is a common complaint in gynaecological practice. Nulliparous prolapse is seen in 2% of female population and vault prolapse in 0.5% following hysterectomy. Various surgical procedures have been described for the repair of vault prolapse e.g. transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy, transabdominal sacral colpopexy, Le Forte's operation, colpoclesis, posterior intravaginal sling plasty etc. The introduction of synthetic mesh like Prolene, Mersilene for the repair of vault prolapse have the advantage of tensile strength. In nulliparous prolapse and uterovaginal prolapse also, the supports of uterus are weakened, so there seems to be a definite advantage of mesh repair over sling surgeries.