The long term use of caffeine is more efficient on blood sugar and adiponectin levels, which needed in the prevention of complications in diabetic subjects.

Background: Plasma sialic acid is a marker of the acute phase response. Objective is to study the relationship between sialic acid relationship with metabolic variables in Indian type 2 diabetes with and without microvascular complications.

The findings of this study clearly suggest that HbA1c endures the ability of predicting CVD risk in the diabetic patients without any micro and macro vascular disorder. Therefore study recommends using HbA1c as a marker for predicting the risk of developing CVD.

Introduction and Aim: The reproductive aging and the menopausal transition is a period of life in females which is well associated with several changes in the adipose tissue and the hormones. Little is known about the circulating levels of adiponectin and the status of the reproductive age. The aim of the study was to understand whether these transition changes affect the levels of adiponectin in the blood and the BMI.   Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study with 73 diabetic females matched with 106 nondiabetic females. The subjects were between the age of 30-60 years. Serum adiponectin levels were estimated using precoated ELISA technique and BMI was calculated.   Results: The study subjects showed age matched distribution. BMI showed significant difference between normal and diabetic subjects but failed to hold the significant difference when grouped based on their reproductive transition. Adiponectin failed to show any significant difference between diabetic and normal subjects, but adiponectin levels differed well with the reproductive group in diabetics only (p=0.008) and in normal subjects the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.07).   Conclusion: This study does not hold up changes in BMI because of a transition in reproductive age and this causes a change in levels of adiponectin. However, the effect of diabetes on adiponectin level seems to be valid. The variation in the level of adiponectin is because of diabetes in the menopause state.  Further the adiponectin and BMI did not show any significant difference between the age groups which shows that age is not a contributing factor for changes in BMI and levels of adiponectin.

Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ responsible for the secretion of adipokines, which play important roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been proven as a major result from fat accumulation thus leading to insulin insensitivity. This adipose specific secreted protein has important inflammatory properties that are present in the circulation and involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, 1 thus making it an important modulator for T2D. The main purpose of this article is to understand the levels of adiponectin for diabetic subjects without any complications and its necessity for managing obesity.In a recent published article, 2 a cross-sectional study of 229 cases of T2D and 205 healthy individuals of age 30-70 years was presented from the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India. Clinical examinations were done for the assessment of cardiovascular and abdominal system. Estimations of adiponectin levels were done using ELISA technique. Anthropometric variables were measured by standard procedure and HbA1c tested via immunoturbidometry. The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS 10.0, Student's unpaired t test. Pearson correlation was analyzed between the parameters of the study population.The results showed the mean value of adiponectin of the diabetic study population was significantly less (15.98 + 6.02) when compared to normal subjects (18.14 + 8.32). An increase in the values for the nondiabetic population was seen in both female and male groups (P = .008). Negative correlations were observed between glycated hemoglobin and adiponectin in the diabetic group (P = -.361) and for body mass index (BMI) compared with adiponectin in normal group (P = −0.302). In addition, males in normal population had higher adiponectin levels than female but showed the opposite in the diabetic group as males in the diabetic had lower than females.With the use of observational research methods to determine the validity of this study, we relate to prospective studies showing how the levels of adiponectin have been supported as being lower in diabetic subjects 2,3 when compared to normal as a good glycemic index in diabetic subjects helps to increase the levels of adiponectin.Though an inverse relation was observed between BMI and adiponectin in healthy individuals, the relation was lost in obese diabetic subjects free from micro-or macrovascular complications. Studies have produced negative correlations; however, they are inconsistently inversely correlated with BMI. 1,3,4 Studies have also shown plasma adiponectin levels being negatively regulated by adiposity. 5 Obese subjects express significantly lower levels of adiponectin in nondiabetic patients, and a strong correlation between adiponectin and systemic insulin sensitivity has been well established both in vivo and in vitro, in mice, other animals, and humans. A rise in adiponectin levels showed weight loss and across diverse populations from 13 prospective studies are associated with a lower risk of T2D. 5 However adipon...