In recent years, a variety of double protein dairy products have appeared on the market. It is a dairy product made by replacing parts of animal protein with plant protein and then using certain production methods. For some countries with limited milk resources, insufficient protein intake and low income, double protein dairy products have a bright future. More and more studies have found that double protein dairy products have combined effects which can alleviate the relatively poor functional properties of plant protein, including solubility, foaming, emulsifying and gelling. In addition, the taste of plant protein has been improved. This review focuses on the current state of research on double protein dairy products. It covers some salient features in the science and technology of plant proteins and suggests strategies for improving their use in various food applications. At the same time, it is expected that the fermentation methods used for those traditional dairy products as well as other processing technologies could be applied to produce novelty foods based on plant proteins.

In this study, the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (HMX2) was isolated from Chinese Northeast Sauerkraut. Its effects on juvenile turbot were investigated by adding different concentrations of HMX2-EPS (C: 0 mg/kg, H1: 100 mg/kg, H2: 500 mg/kg) to the feed. Compared with the control group, HMX2-EPS significantly improved the growth performance of juvenile turbot. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, digestive enzymes, and immune-related enzymes were significantly increased. HMX2-EPS could also increase the secretion of inflammatory factors and enhance the immune response of turbot by regulating the IFN signal transduction pathway and exhibit stronger survival rates after the A. hydrophila challenge. Moreover, HMX2-EPS could improve the diversity of intestinal microbiota in juvenile fish, increase the abundance of potential probiotics, and reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The function of gut microbes in metabolism and the immune system could also be improved. All results showed better effects with high concentrations of HMX2-EPS. These results indicated that HMX2-EPS supplementation in the diet could promote growth, improve antioxidant activity, digestive capacity, and immunity capacity, and actively regulate the intestinal microbiota of juvenile turbot. In conclusion, this study might provide basic technical and scientific support for the application of L. plantarum in aquatic feed.

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In this research, the synbiotic effects of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YW11 and lactulose on intestinal morphology, colon function and immune activity were evaluated in a mouse model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results revealed that L. plantarum YW11 in combination with lactulose decreased the severity of colitis in mice and improved the structure of the colon damaged, as assessed using colon length and disease condition. Moreover, colonic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) were significantly lower and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) were significantly higher following the synbiotic supplementation. The synbiotic also exerted antioxidant effects by up-regulating SOD and CAT levels and down-regulating MDA levels in colon tissue. It could also reduce the relative expression of iNOS mRNA and increase the relative expression of nNOS and eNOS mRNA. Western Blot confirmed the increased expression of c-Kit, IκBα and SCF, and significantly reduced expression of NF-κB protein. Therefore, combination of L. plantarum YW11 and lactulose exerted therapeutic effects mainly through the NF-κB anti-inflammatory pathway, which represented a novel synbiotic approach in the prevention of colonic inflammation.