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Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) is a rapidly increasing yearly herb that grow in Egypt and West Asia countries, although now grown around the globe. The herp is often known as garden cress (GC). Their seeds have a wealth of protein, fiber, omega-3 acids, iron and other vital nutrients. The chemical composition, minerals contents, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and functional properties of GC seeds powder were investigated. The results revealed that GC seeds powder contained 7.05% moisture, 19.73% crude protein, 14.18% crude fat, 35.45% carbohydrate, 18.79% crude fibers and 4.8% ash. In addition, potassium (2955.50 mg/100g) was the most abundant element in GC seeds followed by phosphorus (947.32 mg/100g) and magnesium (322.00 mg/100g). The extract of GC seeds had a 157.24 mg/g of total phenols and 75.01 mg/g of total flavonoids. Gallic acid and hisperidin were the most abundant phenolic and flavonoid compounds in GC seed extract being 3001.75 and 4934.99 µg/100g, respectively. After 120 min of DPPH tests, the antioxidant activity of GC extract achieved 89.75%. The ability of GC seeds to water holding capacity (WHC) was 4.51 ml/g, 2.79 ml/g for oil holding capacity (OHC) with 44.54% of emulsifying activity (EA). It could be conducted that GC seeds are recommended in order to enhance nutritional quality and functional properties as food supplementation.

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Natural antioxidants have gained interest for their role in preventing lipids oxidation. The goals of this investigation were to study the antioxidant potential of carrot (Daucus carota), grape (Vitis vinifera) leaf and turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder extracts and to evaluate their addition as natural antioxidants in biscuits. Physical and chemical properties of biscuit were evaluated during processing and storage. Electrophoretic properties of biscuit dough were carried out to understand the impact of different extracts on the processing of biscuits. Biscuits prepared with 1 % (w/w) grape leaves ethanol (70 %) extract (GLE), carrot aqueous extract (CE), and tumeric aqueous extract (TE) were acceptable. Among extracts, TE was found to retain only 11.2 % activity, wherein GLE had retained 51.0 % activity after baking, which was comparable to butylated hydroxyanisole and better than tertbutylhydroquinone (TBHQ). TBHQ was found to possess the highest activity, followed by GLE, TE and CE, respectively. The ash content of biscuits enriched with TE and GLE was near to that of the control sample. Addition of CE, GLE and TBHQ reduced the force required for breakage. After 15 days of storage, PV was increased in all samples, but in the case of GLE-enriched sample there was a sudden increase in PV from 0.034 to 0.374. Supportive electrophoresis study indicated that there was no change in the protein subunits of biscuit dough fro different samples. It could be concluded that GLE, CE and TE might be used in biscuit baking as natural antioxidants.

The effect of addition moringa leaves extract (MLE) on physical, chemical and sensory properties of luncheon was investigated. Luncheon samples were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of MLE. Results showed that supplementation of luncheon with MLE increased its content of protein, fiber and antioxidants. Protein content ranged from 8.49% in control to 10.90% in luncheon sample with 1.5% MLE. Total phenolic content of MLE was ranged from 65 to 67 mg/100g (as Gallic acid equivalent) while, the scavenging effects of 100 µl of MLE were ranged from 79.51 to 88.57%. The thiobarbituric acid number (TBA) values increased for all the investigated luncheon samples gradually during storage period. The highest value for TBA was noticed in L1 (control sample 1) (0.5239) after four weeks of cold storage while, the lowest value was observed with luncheon meat containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (L2) (0.1251) at zero storage. The total polyphenol contents and antioxidants activity increased in luncheon meat after the addition of moringa leaves extract. All the luncheon meat samples containing moringa leaves extract were generally acceptable.