The aim of the study was to examine the response of wheat cultivar Sakha-93 to 3 weed control treatments and two sowing methods.The experiment included 6 treatments which were the combinations of two sowing methods 1-in ridges 2-rows and response of wheat cultivar Sakha-93 to 3 weed control treatments 1-Unweeded (control) ; 2-Hand weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS 3-Chemical weed control by Panther 55% Sc at post emergence. The treatments were arranged in split plot design in four replicates, sowing methods in main plots and weed control treatments in subplots. Combined analysis used for the two seasons. Data indicated that sowing wheat c.v Sakha-93 in ridges surpassed in rows for no. of tillers ; spikes/m 2 ; spike length ; spike weight ; grains weight/spike ; grain; straw; biological yields as kg/fed.; harvest index % ; protein ; phosphorus and K yields as kg/fed. On the other hand, sowing in rows produced taller plants, heavier 1000 grains weight. . Results showed that chemical weeded had superiority in total, broad leaved ,grassy weeds either fresh or dry/m 2 at both samples 75 and 105 DAS ,also, in no. of tillers/m 2 ; no. of spikes/m 2 ; spike length ; spike weight ; grains weight/spike ; 1000-grains weight ; grain yield/fed. ; harvest index% ; protein ,P,K yields (kg/fed.) whereas hand weeding produced tallest plants , highest protein ,P,K% in grains. Interaction of sowing method in ridges and chemical weeded significantly surpassed other treatments in no. of tillers/m 2 ; no. of spikes/m 2 ; spike weight ; straw and biological yield as kg/fed. Interaction of sowing method in ridges and hand weeding gave the highest content of protein ; phosphorus and potassium in wheat grains as kg/fed.

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Purpose: The two major stress categories experienced by plants are: biotic and abiotic. Drought is a major abiotic stress challenge faced by plants and impact negatively on plant growth and productivity. Aim and Method: This investigation was carried out to study the changes in growth, some biochemical aspects, yield quantity and quality of groundnut plants as well as induction of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease in response to NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and arginine (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) under two water irrigation levels 100% and 75% of water irrigation requirements (WIR), in two field experiments through two successive growing seasons. Results: Decreasing irrigation water significantly reduced shoot length; branches number/plant, shoot fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments components, endogenous indole acetic acid IAA contents and yield components. Furthermore, increased significantly root fresh and dry weight, phenols, total soluble sugars TSS, proline contents, and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation of groundnut leaves. Contrarily, arginine and SNP foliar application alleviated the negative influences of drought on growth and productivity of groundnut plants via enhancing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, phenolic compounds, TSS, and proline contents. Additionally, SNP and arginine significantly decreased oxidative damage through decreasing H2O2 and lipid peroxidation by the induction of antioxidant enzymes. Remarkably, the increase of drought level led to a reduction in Cercospora leaf spot disease parameters with the use of high concentrations of both arginine and SNP. Furthermore, in both stressed and unstressed plants, SNP treatment at 7.5 mM was the most effective in reducing the incidence and severity of disease, while arginine at 2.5 mM recorded the lowest reduction compared to other treatments. Conclusion: In conclusion, foliar treatment of either SNP or arginine had a profound effect on modulating the drought stress and induction of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut plants throughout their life cycle.

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