Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital deformities. Primary surgeries at an early age result in scar formation, which may impede the growth of craniofacial structures of the maxilla. Orthodontist's role in the management of individuals with CLP is important and starts from the time of birth. The knowledge of craniofacial structures in individuals with a cleft is essential for treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare craniofacial structures of cleft and noncleft side of individuals with non-syndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (NSUCCLP) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT scans of individuals with NSUCCLP (n = 42) were retrieved from the databases of two cleft centers, which followed the same protocols for timing and type of primary surgeries and secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG). DICOM files of CBCT scans were integrated into Dolphin 3D software, and analysis was carried out in multiplanar views. The craniofacial structures of individuals with NSUCCLP were analyzed using fourteen parameters. Measurements were also recorded between the cleft and noncleft sides for comparison. The volume of the maxilla was generated by isolating it from adjacent structures on a 3D reconstructed model. MAWC, MAWPM1, MAWPM2, MAWM1, and MV of the cleft side was less than noncleft side (P < 0.05). MHP @ N Aper is less on the noncleft side (P < 0.05). There is an asymmetry of structures around the dentoalveolar and nasal region; however, asymmetries were not affected at deeper structures of the craniofacial region of individuals with NSUCCLP.

In routine orthodontics practice anchorage is a critical factors that determining the success of an orthodontic treatment. For many years’ anchorage has been a strenuous factor. Many modalities have been tried for preventing the anchorage loss by using the extra oral and intraoral devices according to various scientific literature, yet the orthodontists did not find any convenient solutions to solve this problem until the mini- implants were emerged to the speciality. During the early 20 century introduction of various skeletal anchorage devices which includes prosthetic implants, palatal implants, mini-plates and screws. The implants used in orthodontics for the purpose of effective treatment are also known as Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs), which helps in bringing down the strenuous efforts employed to prevent anchorage loss and they are easy and small and can be insert and remove without stenos efforts, they can be immediately loaded after insertion, and they can provide absolute anchorage for orthodontic treatment, which require minimal need patient compliance there by increasing its popularity. This article gives a brief reviews of indications, contraindications, safety zones for TADs, their insertion procedure, complications, failures and medico legal aspects.

No abstract

No abstract