Mesopholeuon Moldovan, Racoviţă & Dunay, subgen. nov. is described for Pholeuon comani Ieniştea, 1955 known from the central part of the Apuseni Mountains (Transylvania, Romania). The subgenus is characterized mainly by distinct shape of the body and the aedeagus. Pholeuon comani is redescribed. A key to subgenera of Pholeuon is provided. Present-day distribution of Pholeuon is described and palaeogeographic conditions are discussed to reconstruct the history of the cave fauna in north-western Romania, a remote area in the distribution of subterranean Cholevinae in Europe.

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