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This study aims to elucidate the strains and drug resistance of mycobacterium isolated from osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) patients and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of OATB.Sixty-nine clinically diagnosed and surgically treated OATB patients were collected in time period of January 2017 to December 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The BACTEC MGIT 960 system was used for mycobacteria culturing, strain identification, and drug susceptibility testing, and the mycobacteria culture positive rate, species distribution, and drug resistance were analyzed.Within 4 weeks, 24 (34.78%) isolates of mycobacteria culture were positive; 40 (57.97%) isolates were positive, when culturing time was expanded to 8 weeks, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Among the 40 isolates, 24 (60%) were identified as mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 10 (25%) were Mycobacterium bovis, and 6 (15%) were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among total 69 isolates, 40 were enrolled in drug sensitivity test, and 15 (37.5%) isolates were confirmed drug resistant strains, in which 5 isolates were MTB, 4 isolates were M. bovis, and 6 isolates of NTM.The pathogen of clinically diagnosed OATB was mainly MTB. However, M. bovis and NTM also accounted for a considerable proportion, and their drug resistance rate was higher. Extending the culturing time appropriately could improve the culture positive rate. NTM was a drug resistant strain, and mycobacteria culturing, strain identification, and drug resistance analysis should be carried out to serve as a guide for individual treatment.

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