unanimously agreed as the best motivator to participate. There was a general feeling that the results of research were not clearly communicated back to participants, influencing future participation.There are commonalities with the literature specific to pharmacological studies (e.g. Grill and Karlawish, 2010), both in the positive and negative features of what engaged people to our research findings, even though we are dealing more with the fundamental principles of engagement in research for PWD and their carers. We have shown that by applying the theory-based approach of the participation chain, we can increase our understanding of what motivates people to participate (detailed manuscript submitted for publication). This model could be applied to inform future dementia research planning and requires further investigation in a larger scale project.

No abstract

Lidocaine shows pronounced first-pass metabolism upon peroral administration in man (about 30 per cent peroral bioavailability). Since the rectal bioavailability is about 65 per cent in man it is assumed that some drug is directly absorbed into systemic circulation by-passing the liver. In rats peroral bioavailability is about 8 per cent whereas rectal bioavailability is about 100 per cent. This indicates that the rat is not a suitable model to study rectal lidocaine dosage forms. The purpose of this study was to investigate lidocaine disposition and bioavailability in rabbits after peroral and rectal administration. The peroral bioavailability in rabbits was found to be about 6 per cent and the rectal bioavailability is about 33 per cent. The results indicate that the rabbit is a suitable model for the study of systemic absorption of rectal lidocaine dosage forms.

No abstract