Leuconostoc sepsis is more commonly described in extreme of ages with risk factors of infection such as prematurity, individuals with gastrointestinal processes, needing parenteral nutrition, carrying central venous catheters, prolonged antibiotic therapy and immunosuppression. We report the case of a previously healthy 22 days old female with no risk factors that developed Leuconostoc sepsis.
We present the fulminant case of a neonate whose symptoms, lesions, imaging, and laboratory tests perfectly simulated a neonatal neuroblastoma and the definitive diagnosis was finally given by necropsy as follows: Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma type 2 with extrahepatic extension affecting skin, lung, intestine, suprarenal, and soft tissue.
RESUMENLa histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad sistémica asociada con la proliferación de este tipo de células en distintos tejidos. La prevalencia estimada es de 1-9/100 000. El órgano más frecuentemente afectado es el hueso, seguido por la piel, ganglios linfáticos, sistema hematopoyético, hipófisis, pulmones e hígado. En la mayoría de los casos, la enfermedad debuta en la infancia, con pico entre uno y tres años de edad, y tiene mal pronóstico cuando ocurre antes de los dos años. La afectación del sistema hematopoyético, manifestada en forma de pancitopenia, suele ser agresiva en los lactantes. Se presenta un caso de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con debut neonatal y complejo diagnóstico, ya que, los dos primeros meses de vida, el dato predominante era una leucocitosis importante mantenida que obligaba a descartar alguna forma de leucemia, mientras que la alteración hematológica más frecuente en la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, como se ha comentado, es la pancitopenia, lo que motivó un retraso en el diagnóstico. Palabras clave: histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, neonato, leucocitosis, inmunohistoquímica. ABSTRACTLangerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic disease associated with the proliferation of this type of cells in tissues. Its prevalence is estimated at 1-9/100 000. Bone is the most frequently affected organ, followed by the skin, lymph nodes, haematopoietic system, pituitary gland, lungs and liver. In the majority of cases, onset occurs during childhood, with peak between one and three years of age, and poor prognosis before two years of age. The haematological forms (pancytopenia) are usually aggressive in infants. We report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with neonatal onset and complex diagnosis: maintained and significant leukocytosis was the predominant data for the first two months of life, so some type of leukemia was considered. However, the most common blood disorder in Langerhans cell histiocytosis is pancytopenia rather than leukocytosis, so that the diagnosis was delayed. Key words: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, newborn, leukocytosis, immunohistochemistry.http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2016.e104 Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con debut neonatal atípico y precoz Langerhans cell histiocytosis with atypical and early neonatal debut INTRODUCCIÓNLa histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (HCL) consiste en un proceso reactivo, no neoplásico, de etiopatogenia desconocida y presentación clínica y evolución variables. 1 En 1953, Lichtenstein englobó bajo el término "histiocitosis X" tres procesos, por sus similitudes histológicas: el granuloma eosinófilo del hueso, la enfermedad de Letterer-Siwe y el síndrome de Hand-Schuller-Christian. Tras el descubrimiento por Nezelof et al., en 1973, de que las células lesivas de la histiocitosis X eran células de Langerhans proliferantes, el nombre de esta patología ha sido sustituido, en la actualidad, por el de HCL. 2 La mayoría de las veces, la enfermedad está confinada a un solo órgano, como huesos...
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