Transparency International publishes annually the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) by ranking countries on their perceived levels of corruption as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys. Corruption is the misuse of public power for private benefit. The study aimed to find the determinants of CPI. The descriptive inferential design was used involving 146 countries with complete data sets through data mining methodology. The Cluster Analysis, Pearson r, multiple linear regression analysis, stepwise regression model were used. The results showed that Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Economic Freedom Index, Political Culture, and Freedom of the Press Index emerged as the determinants of Corruption Perception Index. The study concludes that the four determinants explain 87 percent of the variation for CPI. Least Developed Countries and Developing Countries had the greatest vulnerability to corruption. In contrast, Developed Countries had lower corruption.

COVID-19 had remarkable effects on different sectors and industries that pushed them to cope and adjust to the abrupt change in all facets globally. Including universities and colleges, management prepared an effective action plan in response to the current crisis. Institutions decided to adopt the hybrid work model where employees, including the management and educators, work by turns from home or remotely and on-site. The study uses the literature review to investigate available scientific literature on the possible effects of the hybrid work model on the employees' work productivity, specifically in a higher education institution. The sources and references came from research databases such as Google Scholar, the Open Access Directory Journals, and other websites. The results suggest that employees should feel and experience positive well-being, a sense of belongingness in terms of collaboration, and continuous innovation to cope with the new set-up of hybridity, which will not compromise their work productivity.

Rivers are considered to be one of the ecosystems which are sensitive to climate change. It also experiences warming of the earth's atmosphere like any other ecosystems. This study aims to (1). determine the Cagayan de Oro residents' socio-economic activities on the Cagayan de Oro river; (2). determine the values, attitude and beliefs on climate change and environmental protection and conservation; (3). describe the practices, behaviors and action on climate change and environmental protection/conservation. The study used the descriptive survey design involving a purposive sample for 300 household heads living at least 5 years and staying within 100 meters from the river banks and located in the downstream, midstream, upstream sections of the Cagayan de Oro river. The

-The study investigated the culture of excellence of six top performing private higher education institutions in Northern Mindanao. These descriptive study respondents involved 80 academic administrators and program chairpersons as respondents. The frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and analysis of variance were used. These are the conclusions of the study. The culture of excellence is largely a function of efficient and effective quality assurance management systems such as voluntary accreditation and international certification. The external evaluation in the quality assurance audits promotes the achievement of comparable standards with the best practices in the Philippines and abroad. Some accredited schools have acquired ISO certification, a move that enhances the quality assurance management system. The schools' culture of excellence generates the intended teaching and learning outcomes manifested through integral development of graduates, high performance in licensure examinations, high employability, and global competitiveness. The efficiency and effectiveness of the governance and management of the schools have an overriding influence on the quality of teaching and research, support to students, relations with the community, and management of resources. Generating higher research productivity among the faculty, fund sourcing from partnership and entrepreneurial activities that generate non-tuition revenues remain the serious challenges of the school management.