The thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials directly affects the building energy consumption. The types and constituents of thermal insulation materials in thermal insulation boards are the key to determining the insulation performance. By optimizing the material constituents and ratios, this paper proposes an improved graphite composite insulation board (GCIB), which has lower thermal conductivity and good fire resistance. Through theoretical derivation, it is found that the limit range of the thermal conductivity of the new GCIB is 0.042–0.064 W/(m · K). Combined with the results of theoretical value analysis, and according to the ratios of material components, the random distribution function of each material component is constructed, and the numerical model of GCIB is established. Through numerical analysis, the range of thermal conductivity of the new composite insulation board is 0.046–0.050 W/(m · K). Finally, we establish an experimental model of the new GCIB. Through the model test of six GCIBs, the thermal conductivity of the new GCIB is obtained as 0.046 W/(m · K), which is in good agreement with the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and a sample test, this paper verifies the better thermal insulation performance of the improved GCIB, providing theoretical and numerical simulation methods for the new GCIB, as well as a theoretical reference for the promotion and application of the GCIB.

The popularization and use of green buildings are of great significance for reducing the carbon emissions of buildings and achieving sustainable development. Scientific evaluation of the green building design scheme is the key factor in ensuring the popularization and use of green buildings. To overcome the shortage of a systematic evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation method, an evaluation index system of green building design schemes and an evaluation method based on the projection pursuit model were developed. First, according to the needs of green building development, an evaluation index system of green building design schemes was systematically constructed from the five aspects of the economy, the resource utilization index, environmental impacts, technical management, and social impacts. The calculation methods of all secondary indexes are provided in detail. Then, a novel evaluation method based on the projection pursuit model optimized by the atomic orbital search was constructed. This method searches for key influencing factors and determines the evaluation grade from the evaluation data structure, and realizes the scientific and objective evaluations of green building design schemes. Finally, the Nanchang Hengda Project was selected to conduct a detailed empirical study. The research results show that the incremental net present value of the investment, the energy consumption of the air conditioning system, and the ratio of the window area to the indoor area are the most important secondary indexes. Moreover, the environmental impact index was found to be the most important primary index. Via comparisons with different optimization algorithms and evaluation methods, the superiority of the proposed model is proven.