No abstract

Marrubium genus is represented by 19 taxa in Flora of Turkey (19 species, 3 subspecies). 11 out of 22 taxa are endemic for Turkey and rate of endemism is 52%. Anatomical, histological and cytological features of the leaf, stem and root in Marrubium bourgaei and M. heterodon taxa of genus Marrubium L. from Lamiaceae family were studied and taxonomic significances were identified. The leaves were amphistomatic and hypostomatic. Stomata were amaryllis type and anomocytic as indicated by neighbouring cells. The leaves of the examined Marrubium species were bifacial (dorsiventral) and a high number of prismatic crystals were observed in the leaf mesophyll tissue. The stems were angular and stomata were observed in local areas of epidermis. The underneath of stem epidermis were a few layers of collenchyma cells. In leaf cross sections, protective tissue was comprised of periderm and a nucleus at the center consisting of tracheids.

Özet: Çalışmada; Lamiaceae familyasındaki Marrubium L. cinsinin iki taksonu olan Marrubium lutescens Boiss. ve M. cephalanthum Boiss. & Noë subsp. akdaghicum' da gövde ve yaprak, anatomik olarak incelenerek cinsin taksonomik problemlerinin çözümüne katkı amaçlanmıştır. Işık mikroskobu için iki tip preperasyon yapılmıştır. Parafin içerisindeki gövde ve yaprak örnekleri Safranin-Fast Green ile boyandıktan sonra, epon içerisindeki yarı ince kesitler ise Toluidine blue ile boyandıktan sonra ışık mikroskobunda incelenerek fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Her iki taksonda gövde; köşeli, kalın kutikulalı, tek sıralı epidermis ile çevrilidir. Köşelerde, epidermisin altında 2-3 sıralı lamellar kollenkima bulunmaktadır. Yaprak; M. lutescens' te bifasiyal iken M. cephalanthum' da unifasiyaldir. Küçük iletim demetleri kollateraldir ve yaprak amfistomatiktir. Gövdelerde ve yaprakların alt ve üst yüzeyinde örtü ve salgı tüyleri bulunmaktadır. Anatomik sonuçlar karşılaştırıldığında, iki taksonun birbirine yakın oldukları anlaşılmıştır.

A new species, Gladiolus osmaniyensis Sağıroğlu (Iridaceae), is described and illustrated from South Anatolia, Turkey. G. osmaniyensis is morphologically close to G. attilae and G. atroviolaceus. The ecology and phenology of the new species as well as its etymology, conservation status, and diagnostic morphological features are discussed. In addition, the seed surfaces of the G. osmaniyensis, G. attilae, and G. atroviolaceus are examined by SEM. The geographical distribution of the new species and the morphologically related species are mapped as well.

Yet, our present study focused on iridoids, which are secondary metabolites produced by many plants. Iridoids represent a large group of cyclopentapyran monoterpenoids that are synthesized naturally in many different dicotyledonous plant families like Apocynaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Diervillaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae (Crişan et al., 2010). Researchers reported various biological activities in the extracts of different parts of G. alypum, such as hypoglycemic activity that was examined through the infusion of Globularia alypum leaves (Skim et al., 1999a, 1999b). Moreover, the pharmacological activity of methanol and dichloromethane in aqueous extracts obtained from the leaves and stems of Globularia alypum L. (Bello et al., 2002; Taleb-Dida et al., 2011) was studied years ago. From the leaves and flowers of the Tunisian Globularia alypum, biologists determined its phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (Chograni et al., 2012). Apigenin and luteolin contents of these leaves were identified by TLC, UV, and NMR analyses (