BackgroundThe objective of this research was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of multiple traits of breeding importance in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, PR-02 (Orb x CDC Striker), PR-07 (Carerra x CDC Striker) and PR-15 (1–2347-144 x CDC Meadow) were phenotyped for agronomic and seed quality traits under field conditions over multiple environments in Saskatchewan, Canada. The mapping populations were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method for simultaneous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and construction of high-density linkage maps.ResultsAfter filtering for read depth, segregation distortion, and missing values, 2234, 3389 and 3541 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified by GBS in PR-02, PR-07 and PR-15, respectively, were used for construction of genetic linkage maps. Genetic linkage groups were assigned by anchoring to SNP markers previously positioned on these linkage maps. PR-02, PR-07 and PR-15 genetic maps represented 527, 675 and 609 non-redundant loci, and cover map distances of 951.9, 1008.8 and 914.2 cM, respectively. Based on phenotyping of the three mapping populations in multiple environments, 375 QTLs were identified for important traits including days to flowering, days to maturity, lodging resistance, Mycosphaerella blight resistance, seed weight, grain yield, acid and neutral detergent fiber concentration, seed starch concentration, seed shape, seed dimpling, and concentration of seed iron, selenium and zinc. Of all the QTLs identified, the most significant in terms of explained percentage of maximum phenotypic variance (PVmax) and occurrence in multiple environments were the QTLs for days to flowering (PVmax = 47.9%), plant height (PVmax = 65.1%), lodging resistance (PVmax = 35.3%), grain yield (PVmax = 54.2%), seed iron concentration (PVmax = 27.4%), and seed zinc concentration (PVmax = 43.2%).ConclusionWe have identified highly significant and reproducible QTLs for several agronomic and seed quality traits of breeding importance in pea. The QTLs identified will be the basis for fine mapping candidate genes, while some of the markers linked to the highly significant QTLs are useful for immediate breeding applications.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1368-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The majority of the total phosphorus in seeds is stored in the form of phytate, a mixed-cation sait of phytic acid. Phytate is not weii digested by humans and monogastric animais. Phosphorus excretion is one of the major poliutants of surface waters in many locations in the worid. important micronutrients such as iron and zinc bound to phytate are aiso excreted, potentiaiiy leading to micronutrient deficiencies. Low-phytate mutants have been developed in several crop species as one strategy to deal with the phytate probiem. The objective of this research was the deveiopment of low-phytate pea (Pisum sativum L.) using chemical mutagenesis of cultivar CDC Bronco, and the agronomic characterization of two resulting lines. In these lines, phytate phosphorus concentration was reduced by approximateiy 60%, with a compensating increase in inorganic phosphorus. The lowphytate lines were similar in agronomic performance to CDC Bronco, except for somewhat slower time to flowering and maturity, slightly lower seed weight, and slightly lower grain yield. Low-phytate field pea should have potential to improve phosphorus and micronutrient bioavailability in human and animal diets.
Increasing the carotenoid concentration of pulse crop seeds is part of a biofortification strategy. The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentration and distribution of carotenoids in the seeds of twelve pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and eight chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars grown at multiple locations during 2 yr in Saskatchewan, Canada using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector. Lutein was the major carotenoid in both crops, with mean lutein concentration ranging from 7.2 µg g−1 to 17.6 µg g−1 and 6.3 µg g−1 to 11.0 µg g−1 in pea and chickpea, respectively. Violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β‐carotene were also present in both crops. Green cotyledon pea cultivars had approximately twice as many total carotenoids (16–21 µg g−1) than yellow cotyledon pea cultivars (7–12 µg g−1). Cultivar had a greater effect than environment on carotenoid concentration in both crops. Location effects were significant for violaxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoid concentration for pea and for violaxanthin and zeaxanthin in chickpea. Year effect was significant for all carotenoids in pea and significant for β‐carotene in chickpea. The cultivar × location interaction was significant for violaxanthin in pea and chickpea and for lutein in pea. Among the three seed tissues, carotenoid concentration was greatest in the cotyledon followed by the embryo axis and seed coat in both crops. The results of this investigation should be useful for improving nutritional quality in pulse crops.
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