An antenna array application with high directivity and low sidelobe level (SLL) is an important technology that can enhance the reliability and validity of a communication system. In recent years, swarm intelligence optimisation algorithms have been widely used in the design of antenna arrays. In this study, a hybrid heuristic swarm intelligence optimisation algorithm called cuckoo search–chicken swarm optimisation (CSCSO) is proposed to optimise the excitation amplitude of a linear antenna array (LAA) and the excitation amplitude and spacing between the array elements of a circular antenna array (CAA). The maximum SLL will be obtained while the mainlobe width is fixed. CSCSO combines cuckoo search (CS) and chicken swarm optimisation (CSO) and thus, it will have the excellent global search capability of CS as well as introduce the hierarchy mechanism of CSO to improve algorithm precision. Chaos theory is utilised to determine the initial solution of the algorithm, while Levy flight weight coefficient is used to improve the convergence rate in CSCSO. Simulation results show that CSCSO has a better performance in terms of solution accuracy and convergence rate in the radiation pattern optimisation of LAA and CAA compared with the standard CSO, CS, and particle swarm optimisation algorithms.

The problems of synthesizing the beam patterns of the linear antenna array (LAA) and the circular antenna array (CAA) are addressed. First, an optimization problem is formulated for reducing the maximum sidelobe level (SLL) of the beam patterns. Then, the formulated problem is solved by using the invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm. Various simulations are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the IWO algorithm for the synthesis of the beam patterns of the LAA and the CAA. The results show that IWO has a better performance in terms of the accuracy, the convergence rate, and the stability compared with other algorithms for the SLL reductions. Moreover, the electromagnetic simulation results also show that IWO achieves the best performance for the beam pattern synthesis of the antenna arrays in practical conditions.