A significant negative impact on the environmental components (atmosphere and hydrosphere) is provided by water transport as a result of the use of “heavy” fuels and the lack of effective exhaust gas purification systems. One of the technologically and cost-effective is the cleaning of spent marine power plants using catalytic converters. An optimal degree of purification of exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen compounds is ensured by using catalytic materials in porous permeable SHS purification systems.
Burning the liquid fuel in a marine internal combustion engine, which is part of a marine power plant, entails the formation of particulate matter of carbon origin (soot). Particulate matter emitted into the environment cause a significant negative impact on all components of the environment and harm to human health. The use of catalytic purification of exhaust gases using porous permeable catalytic materials can reduce the amount of emitted particles and reduce the burden on the environment. The use of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the preparation of porous permeable catalytic materials allows the formation of material properties that provide an acceptable degree of purification of exhaust gases of marine diesel engines from solid particles. The decrease in the concentration of solid particles as a result of the use of catalytic treatment is carried out as a result of the fact that solid particles in the polluted gas passing through the porous structure of used material are retained in the pores and burn out at high temperature. Ensuring high-quality purification of exhaust gas from solid particles depends on a certain pore size, porosity, tortuosity and other properties of the catalytic material. In order to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the porous permeable catalytic material used in the purification system, the studies on ilmenite ore-based samples are conducted. Such material, due to the use of ilmenite grinding ore as the basis of the charge, allows us to reduce the cost of catalytic material in comparison with materials that use refined components. The effect of changes in pore diameter, porosity of the catalytic material and the amount of ilmenite ore grinding in the composition of the mixture on the degree of purification of exhaust gases from solid particles is studied. The results are obtained for the first time and described by the least squares method. The results of the study allowed us to determine an acceptable amount of ilmenite ore in the composition of the catalytic material, which permit to reduce the concentration of solid particles in the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines.
По количеству вооружения Усть-Альминский некрополь выделяется среди позднескифских памятников Крыма. В статье рассматриваются погребения с оружием дистанционного боя (луками и стрелами), его типология, хронология, статистика, а также место и роль в погребальном обряде. Основная роль данного оружия в местном погребальном обряде -его функциональное назначение. Анализ погребальных комплексов показал, что значительная роль после клинкового оружия принадлежала лукам и стрелам. С середины I в. н.э. количество луков и наборов стрел в погребальных комплексах данного некрополя возрастает. В это время Херсонес и большая часть Крыма (включая государство поздних скифов) находились под контролем Боспорского царства. Крымская Скифия участвовала в римско-боспорской войне 45-49 гг. как союзник Боспора. Во II в. н.э. боевые действия боспорян велись на территории Крымской Скифии. Эти события нашли отражения в погребальном обряде некрополя Усть-Альмы. В первых веках н.э. традиции погребального обряда, характерные для населения сарматской эпохи степных районов Северного Причерноморья и Поволжья, характерны и для Усть-Альминского некрополя. Происходят изменения в этнической и социальной структуре позднескифского общества: вместе с гражданской элитой формируется и воинская, что отразилось в богатстве погребального инвентаря воинских захоронений. В погребальном обряде Усть-Альминского некрополя имеются сходные черты с обрядами сарматов в Поволжье, Прикубанье, Предкавказье, на Дону и Боспоре.
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