St~mmary.-To investigate the relationship between birth order, sex, and achievement motivation, rwo studies were conducted using Costello's (1967) nonprojective instrument which purports to measure two aspects of the achievement motivation construct (Scale I, the need to achieve on a task and Scale 11, the need to be a success). Neither study revealed a significant relationship between birth order and achievement motivation, nor were there any significant interactions involving the birth order factor. There was, however, a significant sex main effect found in both studies, but in one study only was there a significant difference on Scale I1 between males and females, with females scoring higher, while in the other study !emales scored significantly higher than males on both Scales I and 11. 1nterpre.lations were offered.
An evaluation study was done to assess changes in perceived locus of control of adults who work in the drug abuse field and participated in a drug abuse training program.Two separate programs were examined with differing results. These outcomes are discussed with regard to composition of the groups and scores on the dependent measure.Much of drug education involves the training of counselors or trainers who in turn then engage in drug counseling, drug education or any number of drug abuse related activities. It is tempting to assume that the training that they received was effective, by some definition, and to immediately proceed to investigating some outcome measure of their effectiveness on the job. The fact is that an important step in the training model is to evaluate whether the training is effective and in what areas it is effective. The notion of evaluating each step of the training model is consistent with most models of evaluation.The effectiveness of drug education programs in changing specific attitudes and behaviors has not been sufficiently elucidated by research or evaluations.The lack of information or knowledge in this area is due in part to the wide range of methods used to evaluate programs and the resulting problems in 181 0 1978, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.
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