Acute limb ischemia (ALI) in infants is a catastrophic event. We performed a query of our database to determine those with ALI. Twelve patients were identified. The most frequent presentation was cyanotic limbs. Eleven patients were treated nonoperatively with anticoagulation. One patient was treated surgically with Fogarty balloon thrombectomy. There were three deaths all due to associated comorbidities. All had viable limbs on follow-up examination. There were three complications in the patients managed conservatively. Our recommendation for infants presenting with ALI is conservative observation with anticoagulation and intervention only for cases with tissue loss.

While surgeon-scrub nurse collaboration provides a fast, straightforward and inexpensive method of delivering surgical instruments to the surgeon, it often results in "mistakes" (e.g. missing information, ambiguity of instructions and delays). It has been shown that these errors can have a negative impact on the outcome of the surgery. These errors could potentially be reduced or eliminated by introducing robotics into the operating room. Gesture control is a natural and fundamentally sound alternative that allows interaction without disturbing the normal flow of surgery. This paper describes the development of a robotic scrub nurse Gestonurse to support surgeons by passing surgical instruments during surgery as required. The robot responds to recognized hand signals detected through sophisticated computer vision and pattern recognition techniques. Experimental results show that 95% of the gestures were recognized correctly. The gesture recognition algorithm presented is robust to changes in scale and rotation of the hand gestures. The system was compared to human task performance and was found to be only 0.83 s slower on average.

ABMNC therapy provides long-term freedom from AFS, major amputation, and MALE that are comparable with other reports of patients who underwent surgical and endovascular interventions for CLI. Furthermore, no patients developed tumorigenesis or clinically significant retinopathy. Because of the limited number of patients studied, our findings will need to be followed up in a larger phase III trial.

Surgeons use hand gestures and/or voice commands without interrupting the natural flow of a procedure.

Prior benign biopsy in men subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer does not indicate indolent tumor. Benign biopsies are more likely in larger prostate glands and when cancer is in the anterior and lateral regions of the gland, suggesting the need for different biopsy strategies to improve cancer detection.